Taste Quality Coding and Transduction Mechanisms
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Questions and Answers

What triggers aldosterone secretion and enhances Na+ retention by the kidney?

  • Salt deficiency (correct)
  • Bitter taste receptors
  • Sour taste receptors
  • Sweet taste receptors
  • What is the role of miraculin from Synsepalum dulcificum?

  • It activates sour receptors
  • It blocks sweet receptors
  • It prevents the activation of bitter receptors
  • It blocks sour receptors and activates sweet receptors (correct)
  • What causes the release of Ca2+ from intracellular stores in response to bitter taste receptors?

  • Activation of gustducin
  • Increase in H+ concentration
  • Conversion of ATP to cAMP
  • Conversion of PIP2 into IP3 (correct)
  • What type of receptor proteins are found in elegans?

    <p>G-protein coupled receptors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What differentiates the vomeronasal organ from the olfactory epithelium in terrestrial vertebrates?

    <p>It is isolated from the main airstream</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of chemosensitive sensilla in arthropods?

    <p>Detection of pheromones</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was repurposed to function as a carbohydrate detector in Humming Birds?

    <p>T1R1 + T1R3 umami receptor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the pattern of activation of olfactory receptor cells in humans?

    <p>Coding for particular odorants</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many odorant receptors can a single receptor protein recognize?

    <p>More than two</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of glomeruli in the olfactory system?

    <p>Receiving inputs from receptor cells expressing different receptors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes gustation (taste) from olfaction (smell)?

    <p>Taste involves detecting airborne chemicals, while smell involves detecting chemicals in contact with the animal.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of the flehmen response observed in terrestrial mammals?

    <p>It facilitates the transfer of pheromones into the vomeronasal organ.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the brain distinguish between different taste qualities such as sweet, salty, bitter, sour, and umami?

    <p>By indicating the nutritionally important food and presence of toxins through different types of receptor proteins.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mechanism of encoding odors in humans?

    <p>Combinatorial encoding based on the pattern of activation of olfactory receptor cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of glomeruli in the olfactory system?

    <p>Integration of information before reaching the olfactory cortex</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes the mammalian olfactory organization in terms of receptor proteins?

    <p>One type of receptor protein per receptor cell</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mechanism for detecting sour taste in mammals?

    <p>PKD2L1 channel and Acid-sensing ion channels (ASICs) involving pH-sensitive Na+ channels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What triggers aldosterone secretion and enhances Na+ retention by the kidney?

    <p>Salt deficiency triggering aldosterone secretion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the transduction mechanism for sweet taste detection?

    <p>Broad-spectrum receptors detecting many kinds of sweet substances</p> Signup and view all the answers

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