Task vs General Environment
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Which of the following best illustrates the difference in focus between the task environment and the general environment?

  • The task environment includes global factors, while the general environment focuses on local factors.
  • The task environment directly impacts daily operations, while the general environment has a broader, less immediate influence. (correct)
  • The task environment is easier to ignore than the general environment.
  • The task environment deals with political and legal forces, while the general environment deals with economic and technological forces.

A computer manufacturer sources its processors from Intel, its memory from Samsung, and its display panels from LG. In this scenario, what role do Intel, Samsung and LG play?

  • Customers
  • Competitors
  • Suppliers (correct)
  • Distributors

A furniture company decides to move its production to a country where labor costs are significantly lower, to reduce overall expenses and improve profitability. What is this an example of?

  • Diversification
  • Vertical integration
  • Market penetration
  • Global outsourcing (correct)

A small toy company develops a new line of eco-friendly toys. They rely on a major retailer to sell these toys to the public. If the retailer decides to only allocate limited shelf space to the new line, what aspect of the task environment is affecting the toy company?

<p>Distributors (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A local bakery decides to focus on producing gluten-free and vegan products in response to the growing health-consciousness in its community. Which aspect of the task environment is the bakery responding to?

<p>Customers (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A car manufacturer is facing increased steel prices due to new tariffs. This situation primarily impacts the company through which element of its task environment?

<p>Suppliers (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A technology company initially manufactured all its products in its home country. To cut costs, it decided to outsource the manufacturing of components to other countries, but after some time, the company decided to move the chips manufacturing back to a new plant in Arizona. Which of the following is most likely the reason behind this?

<p>To have better control in product quality and to reduce delivery times. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which scenario demonstrates a company adapting to a force in the general environment?

<p>A publishing company increases its digital offerings after observing a decline in print media sales. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does a society with a high degree of social stratification differ from one with a low degree?

<p>It exhibits many distinctions among individuals and groups. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the concept of 'national culture'?

<p>The set of values a society considers important and the norms of behavior approved or sanctioned in that society. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

An aging population leading to increased demand for healthcare services is an example of which general environmental force?

<p>Demographic Forces (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Deregulation of industries and increased emphasis on environmental protection are examples of changes in:

<p>Political and legal forces. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes globalization?

<p>The set of forces that integrate economic, political, and social systems across countries. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The movement of people between countries through immigration, migration, and emigration is best described as the flow of:

<p>Human capital. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Overseas investment, credit, and lending across world markets are components of:

<p>Financial capital. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The flow of natural resources, parts, and components between companies and countries represents which form of capital?

<p>Resource capital (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A nation uses diplomatic efforts to secure access to vital resources in another country. Which form of capital is being primarily utilized?

<p>Political capital (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

An organization faces the decision of whether to standardize its product globally or adapt it to suit local tastes. Which strategic decision is the organization grappling with?

<p>International expansion strategy (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A company manufactures goods in its home country and then ships them to retailers in another country. Which international expansion method is being used?

<p>Exporting (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary distinction between licensing and franchising as methods of international expansion?

<p>Licensing grants manufacturing rights, whereas franchising grants brand and operational rights. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Two companies, one domestic and one foreign, combine resources to create a new entity, sharing both profits and risks. Which type of international expansion strategy are they employing?

<p>Joint Venture (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A company establishes a manufacturing plant in a foreign country without any local ownership or partnerships. Which international expansion method does this represent?

<p>Wholly Owned Foreign Subsidiary (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Company A, based in the US, allows Company B in Germany to manufacture and sell its products in Europe, receiving a royalty for each sale. Which international expansion strategy is Company A using?

<p>Licensing (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which international expansion strategy typically involves the highest level of risk and control for the parent company?

<p>Wholly Owned Subsidiary (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to Hofstede's model, which characteristic is most indicative of a culture with a short-term orientation?

<p>Prioritization of immediate well-being and personal contentment. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the GLOBE project expand upon Hofstede's work on cultural dimensions?

<p>By exploring additional cultural dimensions beyond those identified by Hofstede. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of global management, why is it important for managers to understand cultural differences?

<p>To avoid misunderstandings and tailor practices to suit the local culture. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following GLOBE Project cultural dimensions measures the degree to which a society encourages and rewards group loyalty?

<p>In-group Collectivism (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A multinational corporation is expanding into a new market. What strategy should its managers employ, considering the information about national culture and global expansion?

<p>Tailor management practices to align with the cultural values and norms of the new market. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A U.S.-based company is considering establishing a manufacturing plant in a foreign country. Which factor would most likely be considered to determine the feasibility of this venture?

<p>The alignment of the foreign country's cultural values with the company's ethical standards. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A company that previously only sold products within its own country decides to expand internationally. What is the most likely, direct impact on the company’s strategic decisions?

<p>An increased complexity in managing supply chains and distribution networks. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following scenarios best illustrates the impact of declining trade barriers on a company's operations?

<p>An automotive manufacturer decides to import components from a lower-cost foreign supplier, reducing overall production expenses. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do tariffs primarily aim to support domestic industries within a country?

<p>By increasing the cost of imported goods, making domestic products more competitive. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the MOST significant advantage of free trade for consumers?

<p>Greater variety of goods at lower prices. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A company is considering expanding its operations into a country with a significantly different culture. What would be the LEAST effective approach for ensuring successful cross-cultural management?

<p>Maintaining a rigid adherence to the company’s original management practices. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Imagine a scenario where country A and country B both specialize in producing specific goods. Country A efficiently produces textiles, while country B excels in electronics. According to the free-trade doctrine, what would MOST likely occur if both countries engaged in free trade?

<p>Global resources would be used more efficiently, and consumers in both countries would likely benefit from lower prices. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How have advancements in communication and transportation technologies MOST significantly impacted international business operations?

<p>By lowering barriers related to physical and cultural distances. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the MOST accurate description of the relationship between values and norms within a culture?

<p>Values are abstract ideals; norms are the concrete rules and expectations that govern behavior to uphold those ideals. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In a society with high power distance, which of the following scenarios is MOST likely to be observed?

<p>A hierarchical structure is widely accepted, with deference shown to those in positions of authority. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A country that emphasizes warm personal friendships, and care for the weak would MOST likely be considered:

<p>Nurturing-oriented (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best illustrates a cultural difference between individualism and collectivism?

<p>Individualistic cultures judge people based on personal achievements, while collectivistic cultures judge people based on group contributions. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In a business context, how might a manager from a high uncertainty avoidance culture MOST effectively lead a team in a low uncertainty avoidance culture?

<p>By encouraging experimentation and tolerating occasional failures. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following scenarios BEST exemplifies the influence of 'mores' on societal behavior?

<p>A society condemns theft and dishonesty. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A company is expanding internationally. How could understanding Hofstede's cultural dimensions MOST benefit the company?

<p>By tailoring marketing strategies and management styles to suit the local culture. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which set of concepts are ALL considered values?

<p>Honesty, freedom, and justice (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Task Environment

Forces and conditions from suppliers, distributors, customers, and competitors affecting an organization's ability to obtain inputs.

General Environment

Wide-ranging global economic, technological, sociocultural, demographic, political, and legal forces affecting an organization and its task environment.

Suppliers

Individuals and organizations providing the resources an organization needs to produce goods and services.

Global Outsourcing

Purchasing inputs or final products from overseas suppliers to lower costs or improve quality.

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Distributors

Organizations that help other organizations sell their goods or services to customers.

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Customers

Individuals and groups that purchase an organization's goods and services.

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Task Environment Effects

Direct and immediate effects on managers.

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General Environment Effects

More difficult to identify and respond to than task environment elements.

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Political Capital

The flow of power and influence using diplomacy, persuasion, aggression, and force to protect a country's rights or access to resources.

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Customization in International Expansion

Adapting product features and marketing to suit different countries.

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Multidomestic Strategy

A strategy that customizes features of its products and marketing campaign to different national conditions

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Exporting

The product is made domestically and sold abroad.

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Importing

Selling products domestically that are made in a foreign country.

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Licensing

Granting a foreign company the rights to manufacture/distribute products in exchange for a fee.

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Franchising

Selling brand rights and operational know-how for a fee and profit share.

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Strategic Alliance

Sharing resources and know-how with a foreign company, splitting rewards and risks.

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Social Stratification

The degree to which a society has many or few distinctions among individuals and groups.

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National Culture

The values a society considers important, and the norms of behavior that are approved or sanctioned.

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Demographic Forces

Changes in population characteristics like age, gender, ethnicity, and social class.

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Political and Legal Forces

Changes in laws, regulations, deregulation and privatization.

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Globalization

The integration and connection of economic, political, and social systems across countries.

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Human Capital (Globalization)

People moving around the world through immigration, migration, and emigration.

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Financial Capital (Globalization)

The flow of money across world markets through investment, credit, lending, and aid.

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Resource Capital (Globalization)

The flow of natural resources, parts, and components between companies and countries.

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Tariffs

Taxes on imported or exported goods, designed to shield domestic industries and jobs from foreign competition.

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USITC

An independent agency that investigates trade matters and gathers/analyzes trade data.

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Free-trade doctrine

Specializing in producing goods/services efficiently leads to optimal global resource use and lower prices.

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GATT

A legal agreement designed to lower trade barriers between member nations.

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Declining culture barriers

Reduced language barriers and cultural differences make managing overseas businesses easier.

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Declining distance barriers

Improvements in transportation and communication have diminished physical and cultural obstacles.

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Lowering of trade barriers

Trade barriers removal opens new markets and intensifies global competition, increasing managerial complexity.

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Values

Shared societal views on what is good, right and beautiful

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Long-term orientation

Values thrift and persistence to achieve goals.

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Short-term orientation

Values personal stability, happiness, and living in the present.

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The GLOBE Project

A project looking at additional cultural dimensions.

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Performance orientation

The degree to which a collective encourages performance improvement and excellence.

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Assertiveness

The degree society encourages assertiveness, confrontation, and aggressiveness.

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Norms

Unwritten, informal rules that dictate expected behavior in specific situations.

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Mores

Norms that are crucial for the functioning of society and social life.

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Folkways

Routine social conventions of everyday life.

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Individualism

A worldview prioritizing individual freedom, self-expression, and judging people by personal achievements.

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Collectivism

A worldview prioritizing subordinating individual goals to the group's goals.

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Power Distance

The extent to which a society accepts unequal distribution of power.

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Uncertainty Avoidance

The degree to which a society tolerates uncertainty and risk.

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