ताप संचरण - विकिरण
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किस प्रकार के विकिरण में तरंग दैर्ध्य 3cm >  > 7800 Å होती है?

तापीय विकिरण

विकिरण द्वारा ऊष्मा स्थानांतरण कैसे होता है?

  • ऊष्मा तरंगों के माध्यम से ऊष्मा का प्रसार (correct)
  • ऊष्मा का संवहन
  • द्रव्यों के माध्यम से ऊष्मा का प्रसार
  • स्थिर वायु में ऊष्मा का प्रसार
  • ऊष्मा विकिरण के लिए, ऊष्मा स्थानांतरण की दर पदार्थ के प्रकृति पर निर्भर नहीं करती है।

    False

    ऊष्मा स्थानांतरण की दर किस इकाई में मापी जाती है?

    <p>ऊपर सभी</p> Signup and view all the answers

    किस प्रकार के विकिरण द्वारा ऊष्मा और प्रकाश का स्थानांतरण होता है?

    <p>विद्युत चुम्बकीय</p> Signup and view all the answers

    एक पूर्ण कृष्णिका (PBB) क्या है?

    <p>एक पूर्ण कृष्णिका एक काल्पनिक वस्तु है जो सभी तरंग दैर्ध्य के विकिरण को पूरी तरह से अवशोषित करती है।</p> Signup and view all the answers

    एक पूर्ण कृष्णिका ऊष्मा विकिरण का उत्सर्जन नहीं करती है।

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    उत्सर्जन शक्ति (emissive power) को परिभाषित करें।

    <p>उत्सर्जन शक्ति किसी सतह से प्रति इकाई क्षेत्रफल और समय में उत्सर्जित की जाने वाली ऊष्मा की दर होती है।</p> Signup and view all the answers

    कौन सा समीकरण ऊष्मा स्थानांतरण की दर (Q/t) को दर्शाता है?

    <p>ऊपर सभी</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Heat Transfer by Radiation

    • Heat radiation is electromagnetic waves with wavelengths ranging from 3 cm to 7800 Å.
    • A medium is not required for transfer by this method.
    • The speed of radiation in vacuum is C.
    • This is the fastest method of heat transfer.
    • Properties of heat radiation are similar to those of light.
    • Intensity (I) is the rate of heat energy flowing perpendicularly through a unit area.
    • Unit: joule/𝑚²𝑠𝑒𝑐 (SI), cal/cm²sec (cgs), or kcal/m²sec (mks).
    • Total heat energy passing through area A in time t is Q = IAt.
    • Power, P = Q/t = IA.
    • The nature of a surface is determined by reflection (r), absorption (a), and transmission (t) coefficients.
    • (r + a + t) = 1. This means that the sum of reflection, absorption, and transmission coefficients equals 1 for any surface.
    • A perfect black body (PBB) has a = 1, so r = t = 0. Such a surface absorbs all incident radiation and reflects/transmits none.
    • Emissive power is the amount of radiation emitted per unit area per unit time.
    • The emissive power (E) for a black body and (e) for other objects, increases rapidly with temperature.
    • Formula for total heat radiation from an area A in time t is Q = EAt (for PBB), Q' = eAt (for any object).
    • Emissivity (ε) is the ratio of emissive power of an object to that of a perfect black body at the same temperature. ε = e/E and 0 < ε ≤ 1.
    • Kirchhoff's Law states that at the same temperature, the ratio of emissivity and absorptivity for any object is equal to the emissivity of a perfect black body. ε = a.

    Stefan-Boltzmann's Law

    • Stefan-Boltzmann's Law states that the emissive power (E) of a perfect black body is directly proportional to the fourth power of its absolute temperature (T). E ∝ T⁴ or E = σT⁴.
    • σ is the Stefan-Boltzmann constant, approximately 5.67 × 10⁻⁸ W/m²K⁴.
    • For an object that is not a perfect black body, the law is modified to e = εσ T⁴.
    • The net heat loss (ΔQ) from a body of area A at temperature T₁ to a surrounding environment at temperature T₂ is ΔQ′ = εσA (T₁⁴ - T₂⁴) (for any body). For a black body, it is ΔQ = σA (T₁⁴ - T₂⁴).
    • Newton's law of cooling states that the rate of cooling of a hot object is proportional to the temperature difference between the object and its surroundings.
    • Planck's law describes the spectral energy density of black body radiation as a function of wavelength and temperature.
    • Wien's displacement law relates the peak wavelength of emission (λ𝑚𝑎𝑥) to the absolute temperature (T). λ𝑚𝑎𝑥 ∝ 1/T or λ𝑚𝑎𝑥 * T = b (Wien's constant ≈ 0.0029 m⋅K).
    • The spectral energy density is maximum at a specific wavelength and is directly proportional to the fourth power of the absolute temperature.

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    Description

    इस क्विज़ में हम ताप संचरण के विकिरण विधि के बारे में जानेंगे। यह गति, इंटेन्सिटी और सतह की विशेषताओं पर केंद्रित है। यहाँ हम अद्वितीय शरीर और उसके गुणों की चर्चा करेंगे।

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