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Questions and Answers
What is the primary purpose of segregated ballast in a double-hull tanker?
What is the primary purpose of segregated ballast in a double-hull tanker?
What does LEL stand for in the context of vapor ignition?
What does LEL stand for in the context of vapor ignition?
Which type of valve is designed to permit flow in one direction on the discharge side of a cargo pump?
Which type of valve is designed to permit flow in one direction on the discharge side of a cargo pump?
What is the Fire Point of a liquid?
What is the Fire Point of a liquid?
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What does a spectacle flange do in a pipeline?
What does a spectacle flange do in a pipeline?
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What is the function of purging in tank operations?
What is the function of purging in tank operations?
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Which characteristic differentiates double-hull tankers from single-hull tankers?
Which characteristic differentiates double-hull tankers from single-hull tankers?
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What is the metric ton equivalent in pounds?
What is the metric ton equivalent in pounds?
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What must be performed before resuming operations after a small leak at the connection between the shore hoses and the manifold?
What must be performed before resuming operations after a small leak at the connection between the shore hoses and the manifold?
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What causes cavitation in a centrifugal pump?
What causes cavitation in a centrifugal pump?
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Which of the following is NOT a component of the Inert Gas system?
Which of the following is NOT a component of the Inert Gas system?
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What is the required oxygen level in the Inert Gas system upon discharge?
What is the required oxygen level in the Inert Gas system upon discharge?
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How many wraps should mooring lines on working drums have?
How many wraps should mooring lines on working drums have?
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What is the primary function of power packs on a vessel?
What is the primary function of power packs on a vessel?
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How often must visual inspections be performed as mandated by the VGP?
How often must visual inspections be performed as mandated by the VGP?
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What principle do eductors operate on to create low pressure on a suction line?
What principle do eductors operate on to create low pressure on a suction line?
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What is the primary purpose of crossover systems on oil tankers?
What is the primary purpose of crossover systems on oil tankers?
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Where are P/V valves typically located on an oil tanker?
Where are P/V valves typically located on an oil tanker?
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What is a critical feature of the metritape gauging system?
What is a critical feature of the metritape gauging system?
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What is the maximum allowed oxygen content in gas delivered by inert gas systems?
What is the maximum allowed oxygen content in gas delivered by inert gas systems?
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Why is topping off petroleum cargo tanks in cold weather discouraged?
Why is topping off petroleum cargo tanks in cold weather discouraged?
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What must be done to prevent electrostatic buildup when using a crude oil washing system?
What must be done to prevent electrostatic buildup when using a crude oil washing system?
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How should dirty ballast be handled after transfer?
How should dirty ballast be handled after transfer?
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What is a key characteristic of deepwell pumps?
What is a key characteristic of deepwell pumps?
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What is the primary purpose of P/V valves on an oil tanker?
What is the primary purpose of P/V valves on an oil tanker?
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When using a metritape gauging system, which characteristic is true about its operation?
When using a metritape gauging system, which characteristic is true about its operation?
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What are crossovers aboard an oil tanker primarily used for?
What are crossovers aboard an oil tanker primarily used for?
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What is a crucial requirement when cleaning tanks using a crude oil washing system?
What is a crucial requirement when cleaning tanks using a crude oil washing system?
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Which consequence may occur when topping off petroleum cargo tanks in cold weather?
Which consequence may occur when topping off petroleum cargo tanks in cold weather?
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What is an incorrect statement regarding the handling of dirty ballast after transfer?
What is an incorrect statement regarding the handling of dirty ballast after transfer?
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Which factor is NOT a benefit of a deepwell pump on an oil tanker?
Which factor is NOT a benefit of a deepwell pump on an oil tanker?
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Which condition must be met for pipeline valves concerning liquid flow to a pump?
Which condition must be met for pipeline valves concerning liquid flow to a pump?
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What occurs during the final topping off of a tanker?
What occurs during the final topping off of a tanker?
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What is the primary function of a scrubber in the Inert Gas system?
What is the primary function of a scrubber in the Inert Gas system?
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What should be done if a small leak develops during cargo oil operations?
What should be done if a small leak develops during cargo oil operations?
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What is the role of P/V valves in the Inert Gas system?
What is the role of P/V valves in the Inert Gas system?
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Which component cools the gas before it is discharged in the Inert Gas system?
Which component cools the gas before it is discharged in the Inert Gas system?
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What is a requirement for the fans in the Inert Gas system?
What is a requirement for the fans in the Inert Gas system?
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In case of a power loss, how will a centrifugal pump behave?
In case of a power loss, how will a centrifugal pump behave?
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What is the purpose of closed gauging in a tank?
What is the purpose of closed gauging in a tank?
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How does miscibility help in handling liquids?
How does miscibility help in handling liquids?
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What is the primary consequence of the grounding of the Torrey Canyon?
What is the primary consequence of the grounding of the Torrey Canyon?
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What is the primary risk associated with double hull tankers?
What is the primary risk associated with double hull tankers?
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What factor is measured by viscosity in a liquid?
What factor is measured by viscosity in a liquid?
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What is the purpose of a bell-mouth fitting in a cargo line?
What is the purpose of a bell-mouth fitting in a cargo line?
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When conducting cargo transfer operations, what external factor does NOT contribute to static accumulation?
When conducting cargo transfer operations, what external factor does NOT contribute to static accumulation?
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What is the threshold limit value for short-term exposure to a substance?
What is the threshold limit value for short-term exposure to a substance?
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Study Notes
Tanker Operations
- A double-hull tanker has void space for segregated ballast.
- Ullage is measured from the liquid's top to an above-deck datum.
- A net barrel is equivalent to 42 gallons at 60°F.
- Branch lines route cargo from the main to individual tanks.
- Gate valves offer precise flow control without resistance.
- Low Explosive Limit (LEL) is the smallest vapor percentage for ignition.
- Check valves allow one-way flow in cargo pump systems.
- The Torrey Canyon incident led to MARPOL 73/78.
- Viscosity is maximum liquid resistance to flow.
- 1 metric ton = 2204.4 lbs.
- Vessel cargo pipelines need annual pressure testing.
- Single pipeline fittings (spectacle flange) either blank or fully open flow.
- Manufacturers create Safety Data Sheets (SDS).
- Closed Gauging prevents atmospheric contact during tank measurement.
- Oil contact with a probe sound an electric Gauging tape continuously.
- Miscibility refers to the uniform blending of liquids.
- Fire point is the lowest temperature for liquid ignition.
- Jumper hoses are used for crossover between systems.
- Hydrostatic pressure is due to fluid gravity.
- LR1 vessel has a deadweight between 80,000-160,000.
- Threshold limit values (TLV) specify worker exposure time (less than 15 minutes).
- Autoignition temperature is the ignition point needing no spark.
- Static accumulation during cargo transfer is not caused by lightning.
- Cargo lines use bell-mouth fittings to facilitate close-to-the-bottom suction.
- Double-hull tankers reduce pollution risks and aid cleaning.
Purging and Gas-Freeing
- Purging introduces inert gas to reduce hydrocarbons to below 2%.
- Gas-freeing introduces fresh air to expel vapors.
- A crossover is a cargo system connection used for segregations, typically by Jumperhoses or Mix Masters.
- Pressure-relief valves (P/V valves) protect tanks from overpressure or underpressure.
- Metertape gauges use a stainless-steel core with exposed wire for liquid measurement.
Cargo Systems
- Cargo hoses are pressure-tested annually.
- Inert gas systems must have less than 8% oxygen.
- Discharging oil focuses on raising the bow first.
- Air in suction lines can hinder stripping.
- Pipeline valves reduce liquid friction.
- Segregated ballast loading is usually mechanical.
- Crude oil washing systems must keep electrostatic build-up to a minimum.
- Cold weather restricts petroleum cargo topping-off due to temperature increases.
- Tank cleanings with portable machines should be grounded via the water supply.
Tank Operations and Maintenance
- Hydraulic pumps are powered by power packs.
- Mooring lines should have 3-4 wraps.
- Leaks at hose connections/manifold require gasket replacement.
- Centrifugal pumps don't self-prime (increasing speed leads to better discharge),
- Cavitation is triggered by low suction line pressure and cargo vapor pressure.
Inert Gas Systems
- Inert gas generation starts from a boiler, treated by scrubbers and cooled, and transported via fans and P/V valves.
- Vortex separators remove moisture.
- Visual inspection requirements are set by VGP (very likely, daily).
- Eductor uses the Venturi effect to create low pressure for suction.
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Description
Test your knowledge on tanker operations with this quiz. Learn about crucial terms and practices that ensure safe and efficient cargo handling in the maritime industry. From ullage measurements to the significance of the Torrey Canyon incident, challenge yourself with questions that cover it all.
