Tanggapan Asia Tenggara terhadap Tantangan Abad 20

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Questions and Answers

Apa yang menjadi penyebab utama bubarnya ASA?

Kurangnya partisipasi dari anggota lain.

Keputusan untuk fokus pada kerjasama militer.

Konflik antara Malaysia dan Filipina mengenai kasus Sabah. (correct)

Kurangnya kerjasama ekonomi antara anggota.

Mengapa Maphilindo didirikan?

Untuk meningkatkan kerjasama militer antar negara.

Untuk menjalin hubungan diplomatik dengan negara luar.

Untuk membentuk organisasi ekonomi baru.

Untuk menindaklanjuti masalah yang dihadapi ASA. (correct)

Apa fokus utama ASEAN saat didirikan?

Memperkuat kerjasama politik dan ekonomi. (correct)

Kerjasama sosial dan budaya.

Kerjasama militer di Asia Tenggara.

Pengembangan infrastruktur regional.

Siapa Sekjen ASEAN pertama dan apa keunggulan yang dimilikinya?

Dharsono, karena pengalamannya di Indochina. Signup and view all the answers

Apa tujuan utama ASEAN pasca Perang Dingin?

Menciptakan sistem multilateral untuk kerjasama politik dan ekonomi. Signup and view all the answers

Apa yang menjadi fokus utama dalam konferensi tahunan pasca menteri ASEAN?

Pembahasan masalah keamanan. Signup and view all the answers

Apa yang menjadi masalah antara anggota Maphilindo?

Kecurigaan Indonesia terhadap Malaysia sebagai antek Barat. Signup and view all the answers

Apa yang menjadi alasan munculnya pengaruh politik dalam pembentukan ASEAN?

Kekhawatiran terhadap berkembangnya komunisme. Signup and view all the answers

Apa yang menyebabkan terjadinya Gerakan Nasional di Asia Tenggara pada awal abad ke-20?

Kolonialisme dan Imperialisme Signup and view all the answers

Apa yang dimaksud dengan Doktrin Primakov dalam konteks kebijakan luar negeri Rusia?

Strategi untuk memperkuat pengaruh Rusia di dunia Signup and view all the answers

Siapa yang menjadi Sekretaris Jenderal ke-9 ASEAN dan berperan dalam peningkatan kerjasama dengan negara-negara ASEAN baru?

Ajit Singh Signup and view all the answers

Apa nama inisiatif yang dibuat untuk menciptakan Kerjasama Ekonomi Regional di Asia pada tahun 2002?

Regional Cooperation Economic Partnership Signup and view all the answers

Apa yang menjadi pernyataan terkenal dari Lenin mengenai hubungan antara imperialisme dan kapitalisme?

Imperialisme adalah tahapan tertinggi dari kapitalisme Signup and view all the answers

Kapan Rusia menjadi mitra dialog penuh ASEAN?

1996 Signup and view all the answers

Apa nama dari pernyataan yang menyatakan bahwa Rusia dan negara-negara lain harus membangun saling pengertian yang lebih baik?

Primakov Doctrine Signup and view all the answers

Apa yang menjadi pokok bahasan penting dalam Rencana Aksi ASEAN periode 1997-2002?

Pengembangan komunitas ekonomi, keamanan, dan sosial budaya Signup and view all the answers

Siapakah yang dikenal sebagai sosok revolusioner profesional yang menentang kolonialisme di Asia Tenggara?

Tan Malaka Signup and view all the answers

Apa yang dimaksud dengan 'Tirai Besi' yang diucapkan oleh Winston Churchill?

Pembagian Eropa yang mengarah pada Perang Dingin Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Southeast Asia's Responses to 20th Century Challenges

Early attempts at regional organizations (ASA & Maphilindo) failed due to conflicts between member nations.
ASA (Association of Southeast Asia), formed in 1961, included Malaysia, Thailand, and the Philippines. Its initial focus was economic, social, and cultural cooperation, but Malaysian representatives raised concerns about communist influence.
Sukarno viewed ASA as a tool of SEATO, and disagreements, particularly over the Sabah issue, led to its dissolution.
Maphilindo (Malaysia, Philippines, Indonesia), established in 1963, aimed for regional consultation, but was also unsuccessful due to political mistrust and diplomatic breakdowns, mainly concerning Malaysia's federal status, and Philippines' diplomatic break.

ASEAN's Emergence as a Regional Bloc

ASEAN was formed to address the recurring conflicts amongst member states that undermined previous regional attempts.
The move towards political unity arguably preceded economic unity in the formation of ASEAN.
The first ASEAN summit in Bali (1976) was marked by the signing of the Treaty of Amity and Cooperation.
Dharsono, the first ASEAN Secretary-General, was chosen for his experience in Indochina, facilitating communication between Nusantara (Malay) and Indochina.

ASEAN and Post-Soviet Russia (Early 1990s): Challenges of Compatibility

ASEAN, in the wake of the Cold War, focused on multilateral political and economic systems.
Creating Free Trade Areas (FTAs) and larger regional partnerships, similar to APEC.
Transforming ASEAN's annual post-ministerial conferences to handle security issues.
Russia became a dialogue partner at ASEAN's Ministerial Meeting in 1996, signifying a shift to more assertive foreign policy.

Russia's Response to 20th Century Challenges

The Cold War era (1945-1991) saw significant events including the Yalta and Potsdam Conferences, Churchill's "Iron Curtain" speech, the Truman Doctrine, and Gorbachev's reforms of Glasnost and Perestroika.
Russia's foreign policy shifted after the dissolution of the Soviet Union.
The Primakov Doctrine emerged as a key aspect of this shift.

Expansion of ASEAN and Dialogue Partners

ASEAN's membership grew, adding Vietnam (1995), Laos and Myanmar (1997), and Cambodia (1999).
Important initiatives during the 9th Secretary General, Tan Sri Dato' Ajit Singh; AFTA & APEC initiatives.
ASEAN established consultative relations with Russia in 1991 and full dialogue partnership status in 1996, seeking to foster mutual understanding and stability.
Dialogue partners were also established with other countries like Australia, New Zealand, Japan, US, UNDP, EU, Canada, South Korea, India, and China.

Early 20th Century Revolutions in Russia and Southeast Asian National Liberation

Nationalist movements rose in Southeast Asia in response to colonialism and imperialism, seeking to overthrow the colonial powers.
The Russian revolution, a socialist movement, provided inspiration for those movements, particularly highlighting the issues of working class exploited in both colonial and colonial master countries, highlighting that a resolution needed to be found in both countries.
Prominent figures such as Tan Malaka and Ho Chi Minh championed nationalist and anti-colonial causes.

Asia-Pacific Architecture of Regional Cooperation

ASEAN Action Plan (1997-2002): aimed at creating an ASEAN Community (economic, security, and social-cultural).
Institutionalization of ASEAN+3 cooperation.
The Asian economic crisis (1997-98) tested ASEAN's effectiveness under Rodolfo Severino Jr.
The Chiang Mai Initiative and the push towards RCEP and ASEAN-China FTA were key outcomes.
Significant improvements happened from 1993 to 1997, including AFTA, APEC, ARF, Southeast Asia Nuclear Weapons Free Zone, ASEAN enlargement, and dialogue partnership statuses granted to key countries.

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Description

Quiz ini membahas upaya awal organisasi regional di Asia Tenggara, termasuk ASA dan Maphilindo, serta kemunculan ASEAN. Fokus utamanya adalah bagaimana konflik antar negara anggota mempengaruhi kolaborasi dan hasilnya. Pelajari lebih lanjut tentang tantangan politik yang dihadapi dalam penegakan kerjasama di kawasan ini.