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Questions and Answers
What is the main function of Tc cells in the immune system?
What is the main function of Tc cells in the immune system?
- to initiate the complement system
- to activate PMNs
- to release perforin and granzymes (correct)
- to activate B cells
- to activate TH cells
What happens when an effector Tc cell binds to an antigen on an epithelial cell's MHC1?
What happens when an effector Tc cell binds to an antigen on an epithelial cell's MHC1?
- The Tc cell kills the epithelial cell. (correct)
- The Tc cell releases cytokines that activate TH cells.
- The Tc cell recruits B cells to the site of the infection.
- The Tc cell becomes anergic.
- The epithelial cell produces cytokines to activate the Tc cell.
Which of the following does NOT happen once TH cells have become activated?
Which of the following does NOT happen once TH cells have become activated?
- The TH cells produce MHC2 on their surface (correct)
- The TH cells stimulate themselves to divide and differentiate into memory cells.
- The TH cells activate B cells
- The TH cells activate macrophages
- The TH cells secrete cytokines
Immune tolerance in T cells involves positive selection. What does that mean?
Immune tolerance in T cells involves positive selection. What does that mean?
What is the difference between TH and Tc cells?
What is the difference between TH and Tc cells?
If a TH cell binds to an MHC on “cell A” that is presenting an antigen, but binds to nothing else, what happens?
If a TH cell binds to an MHC on “cell A” that is presenting an antigen, but binds to nothing else, what happens?
Effector TH cells can do all of the following EXCEPT . . .
Effector TH cells can do all of the following EXCEPT . . .
What is the most correct statement about the selection process T cells must undergo before they are released to the blood?
What is the most correct statement about the selection process T cells must undergo before they are released to the blood?
What type of cells do NK cells kill?
What type of cells do NK cells kill?
What is the role of the B7 protein in the immune response?
What is the role of the B7 protein in the immune response?
A TH cell is secreting interleukin-2 (IL-2). This means that . . .
A TH cell is secreting interleukin-2 (IL-2). This means that . . .
How do activated macrophages differ from non-activated (naïve) macrophages?
How do activated macrophages differ from non-activated (naïve) macrophages?
What is the role of NK cells in the immune response?
What is the role of NK cells in the immune response?
Which of the letters in the diagram at the right refers to the variable region of a T cell receptor (TCR)?
Which of the letters in the diagram at the right refers to the variable region of a T cell receptor (TCR)?
What is a major difference between TH and TC cells?
What is a major difference between TH and TC cells?
Which of the following correctly refers to the second signal that is required for T cell activation?
Which of the following correctly refers to the second signal that is required for T cell activation?
Upon receipt of cytokine signals from effector TH cells, macrophages . . .
Upon receipt of cytokine signals from effector TH cells, macrophages . . .
What do TH and TC cells have in common?
What do TH and TC cells have in common?
Humans with the mutation IL fail to produce interleukin-2. Which of the following would you expect to be a direct result of this mutation?
Humans with the mutation IL
Which T cell type is correctly matched with a function?
Which T cell type is correctly matched with a function?
What is wrong with the picture at the right?
What is wrong with the picture at the right?
During pre-clinical testing, a certain pharmaceutical drug is found to stimulate the production of interleukin-2 (IL-2) in human cell cultures. This finding is . . .
During pre-clinical testing, a certain pharmaceutical drug is found to stimulate the production of interleukin-2 (IL-2) in human cell cultures. This finding is . . .
To what do NK cells bind?
To what do NK cells bind?
The protein called B7 is produced by _____ to ensure that an immune response is only produced in response to the presence of a pathogen.
The protein called B7 is produced by _____ to ensure that an immune response is only produced in response to the presence of a pathogen.
What type of cells do NK cells kill?
What type of cells do NK cells kill?
Which of the lines in the following table is INCORRECT?
Which of the lines in the following table is INCORRECT?
What is the role of Treg cells in the immune response?
What is the role of Treg cells in the immune response?
How do NK cells function?
How do NK cells function?
Which part of this T cell receptor is produced only AFTER the T cell has bound an antigen?
Which part of this T cell receptor is produced only AFTER the T cell has bound an antigen?
The following table tries to define the differences between TH and TC cells, but it gets a lot of things wrong. Which line in the table is correct?
The following table tries to define the differences between TH and TC cells, but it gets a lot of things wrong. Which line in the table is correct?
Which of the following is true about T cells that recognize self antigens?
Which of the following is true about T cells that recognize self antigens?
Which of the following cell types is LEAST likely to be killed by NK cells?
Which of the following cell types is LEAST likely to be killed by NK cells?
What is meant by "cellular" immunity?
What is meant by "cellular" immunity?
Which of the following is a type of cell involved in the immune response?
Which of the following is a type of cell involved in the immune response?
How do Treg cells differ from TH cells?
How do Treg cells differ from TH cells?
Which of the following can be killed by NK cells?
Which of the following can be killed by NK cells?
Flashcards
Main function of Tc cells
Main function of Tc cells
Release perforin and granzymes to kill infected cells.
Effector Tc cell binds to antigen on epithelial cell's MHC1
Effector Tc cell binds to antigen on epithelial cell's MHC1
The Tc cell kills the infected epithelial cell.
What TH cells DO NOT do once activated?
What TH cells DO NOT do once activated?
TH cells activating B cells.
Immune tolerance in T cells involves positive selection.
Immune tolerance in T cells involves positive selection.
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Difference between TH and Tc cells
Difference between TH and Tc cells
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TH cell binds to MHC presenting antigen but nothing else
TH cell binds to MHC presenting antigen but nothing else
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T cell selection process before release to the blood
T cell selection process before release to the blood
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What type of cells do NK cells kill?
What type of cells do NK cells kill?
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Role of the B7 protein in the immune response
Role of the B7 protein in the immune response
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TH cell secreting interleukin-2 (IL-2)
TH cell secreting interleukin-2 (IL-2)
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How do activated macrophages differ from non-activated macrophages?
How do activated macrophages differ from non-activated macrophages?
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What is the role of NK cells in the immune response?
What is the role of NK cells in the immune response?
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Major difference between T helper and T cytotoxic cells
Major difference between T helper and T cytotoxic cells
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Second signal required for T cell activation
Second signal required for T cell activation
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What macrophages do after cytokine signals from effector TH cells.
What macrophages do after cytokine signals from effector TH cells.
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What do TH and TC have in common?
What do TH and TC have in common?
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Interleukin-2 mutation effect
Interleukin-2 mutation effect
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Matching T cell with function
Matching T cell with function
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What is wrong with the picture?
What is wrong with the picture?
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Which cell type is LEAST likely to be killed by NK cells?
Which cell type is LEAST likely to be killed by NK cells?
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Study Notes
- The primary role of Tc cells in the immune response is to release perforin and granzymes.
- When an effector Tc cell binds to an antigen on an epithelial cell's MHC1, the Tc cell kills the epithelial cell.
- TH cells do not produce MHC2 on their surface after activation.
- Immune tolerance in T cells involves positive selection, meaning T cells are only released if their TCR recognizes thymus cells' MHC1.
- TH cells secrete cytokines while TC cells secrete perforin.
- If a TH cell binds to an MHC on "cell A" that displays an antigen but doesn't bind to anything else, the body assumes a mistake has occurred, and the TH cell becomes unresponsive.
- Effector TH cells can do all of the following, EXCEPT phagocytize nearby bacteria.
- The most accurate statement regarding the selection process T cells undergo before being released into the blood is that TCRs must recognize self MHCs but must not recognize antigens on the MHCs.
- NK cells target and kill any cells without MHC1 (or its equivalent) on their surface.
- The role of the B7 protein in the immune response is that it is produced by infected macrophages to help stimulate T cells.
- When a TH cell is secreting interleukin-2 (IL-2), nearby Tc cells will become activated once they bind to an antigen-MHC1 complex.
- Activated macrophages differ from non-activated (naïve) macrophages because they contain more lysosomes.
- The role of NK cells in the immune response is that they participate in antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity.
- In a diagram of a T cell receptor (TCR), the letter "A" refers to the variable region.
- A major difference between TH and TC cells is that TC can bind to almost any infected cell, while TH cells only bind to infected antigen-presenting cells.
- The second signal required for T cell activation is only produced when a pathogen is recognized by the immune system.
- Upon receiving cytokine signals from effector TH cells, macrophages produce a more potent oxidative burst that includes nitric oxide.
- TH and TC cells both need an infection-specific "second signal" to avoid becoming anergic.
- In humans with a mutation that causes a failure to produce interleukin-2, TC cells could only be activated by binding to infected APCs.
- T regulatory cells decrease the intensity of the cellular immune response.
- In the provided picture, the problem is that the Tc cell shown in the drawing should become anergic, not activated.
- Finding a pharmaceutical drug that stimulates the production of interleukin-2 (IL-2) in human cell cultures during pre-clinical testing is bad, because producing IL-2 without an infection will overstimulate Tc cells.
- NK cells bind to "Killer receptors" on any eukaryotic cell.
- The protein called B7 is produced by dendritic cells to ensure that an immune response is only produced in response to the presence of a pathogen.
- NK cells mainly kill cancer cells and virally-infected cells.
- The incorrect line in the provided is that TH cells presents antigens from cytoplasm
- Tregulatory cells produce the cytokine IL-10 to reduce the effectiveness of TH and Tc cells.
- NK cells function by killing cells to which they bind unless inhibitory signals outweigh stimulatory ones.
- None of a T cell receptor is produced only AFTER the T cell has bound an antigen, because it is all produced BEFORE antigen binding.
- The correct line in the table is that T cell binds to APCs only and TC cells to any cell type
- The T cells that recognize self antigens form because V-J joining is random, but they apoptose in the thymus.
- Cells in your body that are overproducing MHC-I are LEAST likely to be killed by NK cells.
- "Cellular" immunity means immunity related specifically to T cells or NK cells.
- A macrophage is a type of cell involved in the immune response.
- When Treg cells bind B7, they engulf and destroy it.
- Any cell that lacks MHC-I or has antibodies bound to it can be killed by NK cells.
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