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Questions and Answers
Which of the following best describes the primary purpose of systems analysis and design in the context of information systems development?
Which of the following best describes the primary purpose of systems analysis and design in the context of information systems development?
- To manage and maintain existing software applications.
- To create visually appealing user interfaces for applications.
- To train end-users on how to use new software applications.
- To develop information systems that address and solve specific organizational needs. (correct)
The system development life cycle (SDLC) consists of four core processes: planning, analysis, design, and implementation.
The system development life cycle (SDLC) consists of four core processes: planning, analysis, design, and implementation.
False (B)
Briefly describe the role of information system methodologies in the context of the system development life cycle (SDLC).
Briefly describe the role of information system methodologies in the context of the system development life cycle (SDLC).
They provide guidelines for completing the six core processes of the SDLC.
__________ methodologies are characterized by iterative development and flexibility to adapt to changing requirements.
__________ methodologies are characterized by iterative development and flexibility to adapt to changing requirements.
Which of the following is a key characteristic of Agile methodologies?
Which of the following is a key characteristic of Agile methodologies?
Match each SDLC process with its description:
Match each SDLC process with its description:
What is the key difference between a computer application ("app") and an information system?
What is the key difference between a computer application ("app") and an information system?
Information systems exclusively use computerized processes and never include manual processes.
Information systems exclusively use computerized processes and never include manual processes.
Which of the following best describes the primary role of systems analysis in software development?
Which of the following best describes the primary role of systems analysis in software development?
Systems design involves understanding the needs of the user, while systems analysis involves defining the system to meet those needs.
Systems design involves understanding the needs of the user, while systems analysis involves defining the system to meet those needs.
In the context of system development, what is the role of a 'system analyst'?
In the context of system development, what is the role of a 'system analyst'?
The process consisting of all activities required to build, launch, and maintain an information system is known as the ________.
The process consisting of all activities required to build, launch, and maintain an information system is known as the ________.
Which of the following is the first core process in the System Development Life Cycle (SDLC)?
Which of the following is the first core process in the System Development Life Cycle (SDLC)?
During software development, after capturing the vision/goal, what is the subsequent step?
During software development, after capturing the vision/goal, what is the subsequent step?
The final step in software development is always launching the solution, with no further steps required.
The final step in software development is always launching the solution, with no further steps required.
Match the following stages with their corresponding activities in software development:
Match the following stages with their corresponding activities in software development:
Which of the following activities is typically part of designing the system's high-level structure?
Which of the following activities is typically part of designing the system's high-level structure?
Designing the database schema is considered part of designing the system's high-level structure.
Designing the database schema is considered part of designing the system's high-level structure.
Besides designing the database schema, describe another core activity involved in designing system components.
Besides designing the database schema, describe another core activity involved in designing system components.
During the design of system components, the architectural configuration specifies the ______ to be used.
During the design of system components, the architectural configuration specifies the ______ to be used.
Match each attribute with its corresponding data type from the Supplier table:
Match each attribute with its corresponding data type from the Supplier table:
Which of the following is the MOST accurate definition of a 'project' in the context of System Development Life Cycle?
Which of the following is the MOST accurate definition of a 'project' in the context of System Development Life Cycle?
The System Development Life Cycle (SDLC) primarily relies on ignoring user feedback to maintain a consistent development plan.
The System Development Life Cycle (SDLC) primarily relies on ignoring user feedback to maintain a consistent development plan.
Name the system development process that emphasizes flexibility to anticipate new requirements during development.
Name the system development process that emphasizes flexibility to anticipate new requirements during development.
In iterative development, the system is grown piece by piece through multiple _______.
In iterative development, the system is grown piece by piece through multiple _______.
Which of the following sequences correctly represents the typical order of phases in the System Development Life Cycle (SDLC)?
Which of the following sequences correctly represents the typical order of phases in the System Development Life Cycle (SDLC)?
Match the characteristic with the corresponding development approach:
Match the characteristic with the corresponding development approach:
Which of the following methodologies is LEAST aligned with traditional waterfall approaches and emphasizes customer collaboration and fast feedback loops?
Which of the following methodologies is LEAST aligned with traditional waterfall approaches and emphasizes customer collaboration and fast feedback loops?
System design focuses primarily on understanding the problem, while system analysis concentrates on building the solution.
System design focuses primarily on understanding the problem, while system analysis concentrates on building the solution.
Which of the following is a key difference between Agile and Waterfall development methodologies?
Which of the following is a key difference between Agile and Waterfall development methodologies?
In a typical iterative software development process, which activities are performed concurrently?
In a typical iterative software development process, which activities are performed concurrently?
Iterative development is a key aspect of the Agile Systems Development Lifecycle (SDLC).
Iterative development is a key aspect of the Agile Systems Development Lifecycle (SDLC).
In a small project, every aspect of the system needs to be thoroughly diagrammed before any coding begins.
In a small project, every aspect of the system needs to be thoroughly diagrammed before any coding begins.
Name one software development methodology other than Agile and Waterfall.
Name one software development methodology other than Agile and Waterfall.
Ridgeline Mountain Outfitters (RMO) initially started their business through mail and _______ orders.
Ridgeline Mountain Outfitters (RMO) initially started their business through mail and _______ orders.
What type of testing involves end-users to determine whether the system meets their expectations?
What type of testing involves end-users to determine whether the system meets their expectations?
The RMO Tradeshow System project is being integrated into what larger system?
The RMO Tradeshow System project is being integrated into what larger system?
Core Process 4 mainly involves the system components.
Core Process 4 mainly involves the system components.
Match each testing type with its corresponding description.
Match each testing type with its corresponding description.
Which of the following best describes the main business focus of Ridgeline Mountain Outfitters (RMO)?
Which of the following best describes the main business focus of Ridgeline Mountain Outfitters (RMO)?
In the RMO Tradeshow System project, one iteration of the SDLC is completed in one month.
In the RMO Tradeshow System project, one iteration of the SDLC is completed in one month.
During which days of a 6-day iteration are end-users most likely to be actively involved?
During which days of a 6-day iteration are end-users most likely to be actively involved?
Which of the following is a key characteristic of the Spiral model?
Which of the following is a key characteristic of the Spiral model?
Most iterations in software development projects last only six days.
Most iterations in software development projects last only six days.
What testing is performed on individual modules or components to verify that the code functions properly?
What testing is performed on individual modules or components to verify that the code functions properly?
Flashcards
Systems Analysis
Systems Analysis
Understanding and specifying what an information system should do.
Systems Design
Systems Design
Defining and describing in detail the system that meets the identified needs.
System Analyst
System Analyst
A person who understands user needs and what an information system should accomplish
System Development Life Cycle (SDLC)
System Development Life Cycle (SDLC)
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Identify the problem
Identify the problem
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Understand the Need
Understand the Need
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Capture the Vision/Goal
Capture the Vision/Goal
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Define a Solution
Define a Solution
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Systems Analysis and Design
Systems Analysis and Design
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Information System Methodologies
Information System Methodologies
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Agile Methodologies
Agile Methodologies
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Iterative System Development
Iterative System Development
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Computer Application (App)
Computer Application (App)
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Information System
Information System
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Key Project Documents/Diagrams
Key Project Documents/Diagrams
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Design System Components
Design System Components
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Key Design Activities
Key Design Activities
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Database Schema
Database Schema
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Attributes
Attributes
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Key Attribute
Key Attribute
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Project Planning
Project Planning
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Project Monitoring
Project Monitoring
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Project
Project
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System Development Process
System Development Process
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Agile Development
Agile Development
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Iterative Development
Iterative Development
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Information System Development
Information System Development
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Waterfall Development
Waterfall Development
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Agile SDLC
Agile SDLC
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RMO (Ridgeline Mountain Outfitters)
RMO (Ridgeline Mountain Outfitters)
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RMO Tradeshow System
RMO Tradeshow System
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SDLC (Systems Development Life Cycle)
SDLC (Systems Development Life Cycle)
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Build, Test, and Integrate
Build, Test, and Integrate
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Complete System Testing and Deployment
Complete System Testing and Deployment
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System Functional Testing
System Functional Testing
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User Acceptance Testing (UAT)
User Acceptance Testing (UAT)
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System Deployment
System Deployment
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Iteration
Iteration
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Concurrent Design and Programming
Concurrent Design and Programming
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Study Notes
- Every system should follow a life cycle
- The key is to carefully plan each step in the cycle
Chapter 1 Overview
- This chapter provides an overview of Systems Analysis and Design
- It will take you through the process of developing a small information system
- The rest of the textbook elaborates on the basic processes highlighted
Chapter 1 Outline
- Software Development and Systems Analysis and Design
- Systems Development Lifecycle (SDLC)
- Iterative Development
- Introduction to Ridgeline Mountain Outfitters (RMO)
- Developing RMO's Tradeshow Systems
- Where you are Headed - The Rest of the Book
Learning Objectives
- Describe the purpose of systems analysis and design when developing information systems
- Explain the purpose of the system development life cycle and identify its six core processes
- Explain how information system methodologies provide guidelines for completing the six core processes
- Describe the characteristics of Agile methodologies and iterative system development
- Describe how the six core processes of the SDLC are used in each iteration
- Identify key documents used in planning a project
- Identify key diagrams used in systems analysis and systems design
Software Development
- A computer application (app) is a software program that executes on a computing device to carry out specific functions
- Modest scope
- An information system is a set of interrelated components that collects, processes, stores, and provides as output the information needed to complete business tasks
- Broader in scope than an "app"
- Includes databases and related manual processes
- Systems analysis enable a person to understand and specify what an information system should accomplish
- Systems design activities enable a person to define and describe in detail the system that solves the need.
- Software Development includes the following steps
- Understand the need (business need)
- Capture the vision/ Goal
- Define a solution
- Communicate the vision and solution
- Build the solution
- Confirm that the solution meets the need
- Launch the solution system
System Development Life Cycle (SDLC)
- The SDLC is the process of all activities required to build, launch, and maintain an information system
- Six core processes are
- Identify the problem or need and take a customer approval
- Plan and monitor the project for timeline
- Discover and understand the details of the problem or need
- Design the system components
- Build, test, and integrate system components
- Complete system tests and then deploy the solution
- A project is a planned undertaking that has a beginning and end and that produces some definite result
- Used to develop an information system
- It needs knowledge of systems analysis and design tools
- System development process is the actual approach used to develop a particular information system (methodology)
- Unified process (UP)
- Extreme programming (XP)
- Scrum
- Most processes/methodologies now use Agile and Iterative development (user in the loop)
Iterative and Agile Systems
- Agile development uses a system development process that emphasises flexibility to anticipate new requirements during development.
- It is fast on feet and responsive to change
- Iterative development is an approach in building system development in which the system is grown piece by piece through multiple iterations.
- Small part of system (mini-project), then repeat processes to refine and add more, then repeat to refine and add more, until done
Agile Development Groups
- Agile development vs Iterative Development
- Agile development vs Waterfall Development
- Other software development methodologies beside Agile and Waterfall
Ridgeline Mountain Outfitters (RMO)
- Large Retail Company
- Outdoor and sporting clothing and accessories
- Skiing, mountain biking, water sports
- Hiking, camping, mountain climbing
- Rocky Mountain and Western States
- Started mail order and phone order
- Added retail stores + extensive E-business component
RMO Tradeshow System
- A sample project for chapter
- A small information system (app)
- Being added to larger supply chain management system
- Demonstrates one iteration of the small project – assumes more iterations in total project
- Goes through all six core processes of SDLC
- Complete iteration in six days
- Problem: purchasing agents attend apparel and fabric trade shows around the world to order new products from suppliers
- Information system (app) to collect and track information about - suppliers and new products while at tradeshows
- Tradeshow Project contains
- Supplier information subsystem
- Product information subsystem
Initial Activities
- Identify the problem and documenting system objective
- Preliminary investigation
- System Vision Document
- Obtain approval to commence the project
- Meeting with key stakeholders, including executive management
- Decision reached, approve plan and budget
Overview - System Vision Document
- Problem description
- System capabilities
- Business benefits
Day 1 - Activities
- Core Process 2: Plan the Project
- Determining the major components (functional areas) that are needed
- Supplier information subsystem
- Product information subsystem
- Define the iterations and assign each function to an iteration
- Decide to do Supplier subsystem first
- One iteration is small & straight forward
- Determine team members and responsibilities
Structure
- Work Breakdown Structure for the six Core process
- Work Sequence Draft
Day 2 - Activities
- Core Process 3: Discover and Understand Details
- Preliminary fact-finding to understand requirements
- Develop a preliminary list of use cases and a use case diagram
- Develop a class diagram
Use Cases
- Use Cases in subsystems:
- Look up supplier
- Enter/update supplier information
- Look up contact
- Enter/update contact information
- Look up product information
- Enter/update contact information
- Upload product image
Object Classes & Attributes
- Object Classes Attributes for each subsystem:
- Supplier Name
- Contact name
- Product Category
- Product Picture ID
- Other attributes
Initial Class Diagram
- A chart containing all object classes and their attributes
Day 3 - Activities
- Core Process 3: Discover and Understand Details
- In-depth fact-finding to understand requirements
- Understand and document the detailed workflow of each use case
- Core Process 4 : Design System Components
- Define the user experience with screens and report sketches
- Create Supplier Information Subsystem
- Perform use cases, Look up Contact information, Enter/update contact information
- A Use Case Diagram - Supplier information subsystem
- Activity Diagram (Workflow)
Day 4 - Activities
- Design System Components
- Design the database (schema)
- High level structure of the system
- Browser, Windows, or Smart phone
- Architectural configuration (components)
- Design
- Subsystem architectural design
- Create Database Schema to determine table names, attributes,
- Architectural Configuration Diagram
- Preliminary Design Class Diagram
- Subsystem
Day 5 - Activities
- Design Process
- Continue with design details
- Proceed use case by use case
- Integration System Components
- Continue programming (build)
- Build use case by use case
- Perform unit and integration tests - code examples
Day 6 - Activities
- Complete System Testing and Deploy the System
- Perform system functional testing
- Perform user acceptance testing - complete all tests
- Possibly deploy part of system
- Workflow of Testing Task
First Iteration Recap
- This was a six day iteration of small project
- Most iterations are longer
- This project will have 2 iterations
- End users need to be involved on day 1, 2, 3 and 6
- Planning in this version is key - and days 4 and 5 involve design and programming concurrently
Remaining Book Summary
- Activities and Tasks in the SDLC
Key terms to remember
- Computer application
- Information System
- Project
- Systems Analysis
- System design
- SDLC
- Information systems development process
- Agile development
- Iterative development
- System vision document
- Work breakdown structure
- Work sequence draft
- Use cases
- Use case diagram
- Object classes
- Class diagram
- Design class diagram
- High level structural design
- Database schema
- Screen layout
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Description
Explore systems analysis and design within information systems development. Understand the SDLC processes planning, analysis, design, and implementation. Learn about Agile methodologies and the role of systems analysis in software development.
