Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is a common feature of Antiphospholipid Syndrome (APS)?

  • Livedo reticularis (correct)
  • Joint pain
  • Weight loss
  • Fatigue

What is the primary goal of treatment during pregnancy in APS?

  • Preventing thrombotic events
  • Improving pregnancy outcome (correct)
  • Managing hypertension
  • Reducing inflammation

Which of the following is a diagnostic criterion for APS?

  • Elevated blood pressure
  • Family history of APS
  • Positive antiphospholipid antibodies (correct)
  • Recurrent headaches

What is the target INR for secondary prophylaxis against thrombotic events in APS?

<p>≥ 2 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a type of thrombotic event associated with APS?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common age range for the onset of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE)?

<p>20-30 years (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical duration of thrombotic events in catastrophic APS?

<p>Within 1 week (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following medications is used in primary prophylaxis against thrombotic events in APS?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of the malar rash in SLE diagnosis?

<p>Fixed erythema, flat or raised, sparing the nasolabial folds (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical outcome of pregnancies in women with APS without treatment?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary management approach for mild to moderate SLE?

<p>Use of sun block, NSAIDs, and Hydroxychloroquine (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of Antiphospholipid syndrome (APS)?

<p>Recurrent miscarriages and recurrent arterial and venous thrombosis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the percentage of affected individuals with SLE who are women?

<p>90% (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the diagnostic criterion for SLE that involves the kidneys?

<p>Persistent proteinuria &gt; 0.5 g/day or cellular casts (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the medication used to control CV risk factors in SLE management?

<p>None of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the medication used to treat life-threatening lupus?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE)

  • SLE is the most common connective tissue disease.
  • 90% of affected individuals are women.
  • The peak age at onset is between 20 and 30 years.
  • Common symptoms include fever, skin rash, arthralgia, oral ulcers, weight loss, hair loss, and Raynaud's phenomenon.

Diagnostic Criteria for SLE

  • Malar rash: Fixed erythema, flat or raised, sparing the nasolabial folds.
  • Discoid rash: Erythematous raised patches with adherent keratotic scarring.
  • Photosensitivity: Rash due to unusual reaction to sunlight.
  • Oral ulcers: Oral or nasopharyngeal ulceration, which may be painless.
  • Arthritis: Non-erosive, involving two or more peripheral joints.
  • Serositis: Pleuritis (pleuritic pain or rub, or pleural effusion) or pericarditis (rub, effusion).
  • Renal disorder: Persistent proteinuria > 0.5 g/day or cellular casts.
  • Neurological disorder: Seizures or psychosis.
  • Haematological disorder: Haemolytic anaemia or leucopenia, or lymphopenia, or thrombocytopenia.
  • Immunological disorder: Anti-DNA or Anti-Smith or antiphospholipid antibodies.
  • Antinuclear antibody (ANA) disorder: Abnormal titre of ANA by immunofluorescence.

Management of SLE

Mild to Moderate

  • Avoid exposure to sunlight and use sun block.
  • Use NSAIDs.
  • Use hydroxychloroquine.
  • Use steroid.
  • Use azathioprine or methotrexate.
  • Control of CV risk factors.

Life-threatening Lupus

  • Use methylprednisolone IV.
  • Use cyclophosphamide IV.
  • Use mycophenolate mofetil (MMF).
  • Use rituximab.
  • Use biologics; belimumab.

Antiphospholipid Syndrome (APS)

  • Clinical syndrome presented mainly by recurrent miscarriages and recurrent arterial and venous thrombosis.
  • Characterized by presence of anticardiolipin antibodies and lupus anticoagulants which target protein C or β2-glycoprotein and lead to thrombosis.
  • May occur alone (primary APS) or in association with other autoimmune disease like SLE, SSc, RA.

Clinical Features of APS

  • Thromboembolic events.
  • Adverse pregnancy outcome.
  • Venous thromboembolism.
  • Arterial thromboembolism.
  • Livedo reticularis.
  • Skin necrosis.
  • Catastrophic APS: acute vascular occlusion in 3 different organs within short time less than one week.

Diagnostic Criteria of APS

  • Arterial or Venous thromboembolic events.
  • Adverse pregnancy outcome (repeated abortions, premature labor, intrauterine fetal death).
  • Livedo reticularis.
  • Positive antiphospholipid antibodies (lupus anticoagulants, anticardiolipin antibodies, anti-beta2 glycoprotein) at least 3 months apart.

Treatment of APS

Primary Prophylaxis against Thrombotic Events

  • Use aspirin.
  • Use statins.
  • Use hydroxychloroquine.
  • Use vitamin K antagonists (Warfarin).

Secondary Prophylaxis against Thrombotic Events

  • Use vitamin K antagonists (Warfarin).
  • The desired INR target: ≥ 2.
  • Use direct oral anticoagulants (DOAC): ±.

During Pregnancy

  • Treatment aims to improve the pregnancy outcome.
  • Use aspirin + heparin.
  • Use aspirin + low molecular weight heparin (LMWH).

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Description

A short quiz about Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE), a connective tissue disease, its demographics, and symptoms. Part of the Introduction to Clinical Immunology course.

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