Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is a common feature of Antiphospholipid Syndrome (APS)?

  • Livedo reticularis (correct)
  • Joint pain
  • Weight loss
  • Fatigue

    • What is the primary goal of treatment during pregnancy in APS?

  • Preventing thrombotic events
  • Improving pregnancy outcome (correct)
  • Managing hypertension
  • Reducing inflammation

    • Which of the following is a diagnostic criterion for APS?

  • Elevated blood pressure
  • Family history of APS
  • Positive antiphospholipid antibodies (correct)
  • Recurrent headaches

    • What is the target INR for secondary prophylaxis against thrombotic events in APS?

    <p>≥ 2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a type of thrombotic event associated with APS?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common age range for the onset of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE)?

    <p>20-30 years</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the typical duration of thrombotic events in catastrophic APS?

    <p>Within 1 week</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following medications is used in primary prophylaxis against thrombotic events in APS?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of the malar rash in SLE diagnosis?

    <p>Fixed erythema, flat or raised, sparing the nasolabial folds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the typical outcome of pregnancies in women with APS without treatment?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary management approach for mild to moderate SLE?

    <p>Use of sun block, NSAIDs, and Hydroxychloroquine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of Antiphospholipid syndrome (APS)?

    <p>Recurrent miscarriages and recurrent arterial and venous thrombosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the percentage of affected individuals with SLE who are women?

    <p>90%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the diagnostic criterion for SLE that involves the kidneys?

    <p>Persistent proteinuria &gt; 0.5 g/day or cellular casts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the medication used to control CV risk factors in SLE management?

    <p>None of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the medication used to treat life-threatening lupus?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE)

    • SLE is the most common connective tissue disease.
    • 90% of affected individuals are women.
    • The peak age at onset is between 20 and 30 years.
    • Common symptoms include fever, skin rash, arthralgia, oral ulcers, weight loss, hair loss, and Raynaud's phenomenon.

    Diagnostic Criteria for SLE

    • Malar rash: Fixed erythema, flat or raised, sparing the nasolabial folds.
    • Discoid rash: Erythematous raised patches with adherent keratotic scarring.
    • Photosensitivity: Rash due to unusual reaction to sunlight.
    • Oral ulcers: Oral or nasopharyngeal ulceration, which may be painless.
    • Arthritis: Non-erosive, involving two or more peripheral joints.
    • Serositis: Pleuritis (pleuritic pain or rub, or pleural effusion) or pericarditis (rub, effusion).
    • Renal disorder: Persistent proteinuria > 0.5 g/day or cellular casts.
    • Neurological disorder: Seizures or psychosis.
    • Haematological disorder: Haemolytic anaemia or leucopenia, or lymphopenia, or thrombocytopenia.
    • Immunological disorder: Anti-DNA or Anti-Smith or antiphospholipid antibodies.
    • Antinuclear antibody (ANA) disorder: Abnormal titre of ANA by immunofluorescence.

    Management of SLE

    Mild to Moderate

    • Avoid exposure to sunlight and use sun block.
    • Use NSAIDs.
    • Use hydroxychloroquine.
    • Use steroid.
    • Use azathioprine or methotrexate.
    • Control of CV risk factors.

    Life-threatening Lupus

    • Use methylprednisolone IV.
    • Use cyclophosphamide IV.
    • Use mycophenolate mofetil (MMF).
    • Use rituximab.
    • Use biologics; belimumab.

    Antiphospholipid Syndrome (APS)

    • Clinical syndrome presented mainly by recurrent miscarriages and recurrent arterial and venous thrombosis.
    • Characterized by presence of anticardiolipin antibodies and lupus anticoagulants which target protein C or β2-glycoprotein and lead to thrombosis.
    • May occur alone (primary APS) or in association with other autoimmune disease like SLE, SSc, RA.

    Clinical Features of APS

    • Thromboembolic events.
    • Adverse pregnancy outcome.
    • Venous thromboembolism.
    • Arterial thromboembolism.
    • Livedo reticularis.
    • Skin necrosis.
    • Catastrophic APS: acute vascular occlusion in 3 different organs within short time less than one week.

    Diagnostic Criteria of APS

    • Arterial or Venous thromboembolic events.
    • Adverse pregnancy outcome (repeated abortions, premature labor, intrauterine fetal death).
    • Livedo reticularis.
    • Positive antiphospholipid antibodies (lupus anticoagulants, anticardiolipin antibodies, anti-beta2 glycoprotein) at least 3 months apart.

    Treatment of APS

    Primary Prophylaxis against Thrombotic Events

    • Use aspirin.
    • Use statins.
    • Use hydroxychloroquine.
    • Use vitamin K antagonists (Warfarin).

    Secondary Prophylaxis against Thrombotic Events

    • Use vitamin K antagonists (Warfarin).
    • The desired INR target: ≥ 2.
    • Use direct oral anticoagulants (DOAC): ±.

    During Pregnancy

    • Treatment aims to improve the pregnancy outcome.
    • Use aspirin + heparin.
    • Use aspirin + low molecular weight heparin (LMWH).

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    Description

    A short quiz about Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE), a connective tissue disease, its demographics, and symptoms. Part of the Introduction to Clinical Immunology course.

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