Systemic Diseases and Their Clinical Manifestations
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Questions and Answers

What is the recommended follow-up time with an oncologist after treatment?

  • 5 years (correct)
  • 3 years
  • 10 years
  • 1 year
  • What percentage of complex atypical cases is noted in the content?

  • 3%
  • 8%
  • 15%
  • 29% (correct)
  • Which of the following treatments is an alternative to chemo?

  • Radiation Therapy
  • SERM (Tamoxifen) (correct)
  • Hormonal Therapy
  • Immunotherapy
  • What surgical option is specifically mentioned for the careful inspection of cancer?

    <p>Lymphadenectomy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the treatment of precancer, which of these options is NOT mentioned?

    <p>Immunotherapy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of cancer is described as RARE and generally affects individuals at around 65 years old?

    <p>Vulvar Cancer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which treatment option focuses on removing as much cancer as possible?

    <p>Cryoreductive Surgery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of cancer follows a treatment path that may include radical mastectomy or lumpectomy?

    <p>Breast Cancer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What must be present to exclude all other causes when diagnosing acute pain from a ruptured cyst?

    <p>Two of the following criteria must be met</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition describes a corpus luteum cyst that is larger than 3 cm and does not degenerate after ovulation?

    <p>Corpus Luteum Cyst</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common imaging finding in a patient with polycystic ovaries?

    <p>12+ follicles on each ovary, measuring 2-9 cm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary hormonal change associated with a corpus luteum cyst that is actively producing progesterone?

    <p>Progesterone elevation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following symptoms could indicate hemorrhage from a corpus luteum cyst?

    <p>Sudden sharp pain in the lower abdomen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential result of a rapidly enlarging luteal phase cyst?

    <p>Acute abdominal pain requiring immediate intervention</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition is associated with systemic diseases such as chronic kidney disease or liver disease?

    <p>Coli</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of imaging should be done if no findings are present on a mammogram?

    <p>Galactography</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the first step in treating glandular enlargement related to painful inflammation?

    <p>Symptomatic Treatment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What laboratory test is important for diagnosing conditions associated with glandular enlargement?

    <p>Estrogen Levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a common drug that can induce glandular enlargement?

    <p>Ibuprofen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary surgical intervention recommended after childbearing for women at high genetic risk?

    <p>Prophylactic bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the typical resolution timeframe for pubertal glandular enlargement?

    <p>Spontaneously resolves in 1-2 years</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a risk factor associated with developing ovarian cancer?

    <p>Smoking</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which infectious agents are commonly associated with cervicitis?

    <p>Gonorrhea and Chlamydia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of ovarian tumors are considered malignant?

    <p>80-90%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary pathophysiological concern in cervical dysplasia?

    <p>Transformation zone vulnerability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of pathology is characterized by a lack of invasion in ovarian tumors?

    <p>Borderline tumors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following symptoms is most commonly associated with painful inflammation in glandular conditions?

    <p>Fever and chills</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which clinical manifestation is commonly associated with vaginal cancer?

    <p>Painless vaginal bleeding</p> Signup and view all the answers

    As per the staging of vulvar cancer, what does Stage I indicate?

    <p>Cancer is confined to the vulva or perineum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended treatment for a drug-induced glandular enlargement after stopping the offending drug?

    <p>No treatment needed; resolves spontaneously</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the prognosis for early-stage vulvar cancer?

    <p>100% 5-year survival</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of tumor is specifically noted to occur in infants?

    <p>Rhabdomyosarcoma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which staging description indicates the most distal portion is more than 1 cm below the hymen?

    <p>Stage III</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At what stage is the most distal portion of the tissue located more than 1 cm above the hymen?

    <p>Stage I</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of an endometrioma?

    <p>Rare, aggressive neoplasm possibly coexisting with benign leiomyomas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which demographic is most commonly affected by leiomyosarcoma?

    <p>Women around 60 years old</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Stage IV indicate in staging?

    <p>Complete eversion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What stage has its most distal portion located less than 1 cm above or below the hymen?

    <p>Stage II</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Systemic Diseases and Clinical Manifestations

    • Conditions like Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) and liver disease can complicate health outcomes.
    • OCPs and various medications (e.g., Metoclopramide, Imipramine, Methyldopa, Amphetamine) are linked to these conditions.
    • Neoplasms include adrenal and pituitary tumors.
    • Common symptoms: localized, painful inflammation, fever, chills, and malaise.
    • Diagnosis involves imaging, particularly mammography followed by galactography if no findings are present.

    Diagnosis and Treatment for Painful Conditions

    • True glandular enlargement may be tender compared to diffuse fatty tissue that is non-tender (fatty pseudogynecomastia).
    • Laboratories may include BMP, estrogen levels, and endocrine testing.
    • Recommended treatment for causal conditions includes symptomatic management (Ibuprofen, Ice) and antibiotics (Dicloxacillin, Cephalexin).
    • Options for drug-induced conditions may resolve after discontinuing the offending medication.
    • Medical therapies like SERM (Raloxifene) or aromatase inhibitors (Anastrozole) may be used for persistent cases.

    Cervical Disorders

    • Cervicitis is typically caused by infections like Gonorrhea, Chlamydia, and Mycoplasma.
    • Cervical Dysplasia is characterized by changes in the least mature cervix cells, particularly in the transformation zone.
    • Advanced cervical cancer management may require removal of ovaries, fallopian tubes, and uterus.
    • Histological classifications include complex and simple atypical conditions, with a notable percentage leading to precancerous or cancerous states.

    Cancer Treatment Modalities

    • Breast cancer treatments may involve radical mastectomy, lumpectomy, and adjuvant therapies like SERM (Tamoxifen) and aromatase inhibitors.
    • palliative care may include IV therapies and requires follow-ups with oncologists for a minimum of five years.
    • Surgical options for gynecological cancers often include hysterectomy, bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy (BSO), and lymphadenectomy.

    Vulvar and Vaginal Cancer

    • Vulvar cancer is rare in younger women, more commonly presenting in those around 65 years.
    • Risk factors include HPV and chronic irritation.
    • Vaginal cancer's pathology typically reveals squamous cell carcinoma and is less common.
    • Painful and irregular vaginal bleeding or discharge can be indicative of vaginal tumors.

    Benign Ovarian Neoplasms

    • Prophylactic BSO is recommended in high-risk genetic patients to mitigate ovarian cancer risks.
    • Benign ovarian tumors characterized by low malignant potential (borderline tumors) are prevalent among premenopausal women.
    • Endometriomas present a unique subtype of ovarian masses that occur with benign leiomyomas.

    Staging and Clinical Insights

    • Staging for vulvar cancer ranges from stage I (confined with no lymph node involvement) to stage IV (extensive eversion).
    • Ovarian conditions such as corpus luteum cysts can lead to acute pain; treatment focuses on pain management.
    • Diagnosis of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) requires clinical evidence of hyperandrogenism and ultrasound findings of at least 12 follicles per ovary.

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    Description

    This quiz explores systemic diseases such as Chronic Kidney Disease and liver disease, along with their clinical manifestations and associated medications. It also examines neoplasms like adrenal and pituitary tumors, along with common symptoms and diagnostic methods. Test your understanding of these complex health conditions and their implications.

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