70 Questions
Which of the following is a systemic condition that can affect the cardiovascular system?
Diabetes mellitus
What is the dominant cause of mortality in diabetic patients?
Cardiovascular complications
Which of the following is associated with oxidative stress in diabetic patients?
High blood sugar levels
What is the relationship between hypertension and cardiovascular damage?
Hypertension is the cause of cardiovascular damage
Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a systemic condition that can affect the cardiovascular system?
Osteoporosis
What is the main focus of the article 'Mitochondrial Dysfunction, Oxidative Stress and Diabetic Cardiovascular Disorders'?
The link between diabetes and cardiovascular disorders
According to the text, what should readers do if they want to learn more about disease processes?
All of the above
Which of the following diseases is associated with a higher risk for cardiovascular disease than the general population?
Familial hyperlipidaemias
Which of the following diseases is NOT mentioned as a cause of chronic pulmonary hypertension?
Thyroid disease
Which of the following diseases is associated with a higher risk for cardiovascular disease among women who were exposed to famine during adolescence?
Sarcoidosis
Which of the following diseases is mentioned as a cause of systemic blood pressure to the normally low pressure pulmonary system?
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Which of the following diseases is NOT mentioned as a cause of vascular damage and accelerated known mechanisms?
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Which of the following diseases is NOT mentioned as an endocrine disease associated with cardiovascular problems?
Sarcoidosis
Which of the following diseases is associated with a higher risk for cardiovascular disease among people with osteoarthrosis?
Rheumatoid arthritis
Which of the following diseases is mentioned as a cause of chronic pulmonary hypertension?
Granulomatosis with polyangiitis
Which class of antihypertensive medication is associated with the side effect of persistent dry cough?
ACE inhibitors
Which class of antihypertensive medication is associated with the side effect of ankle edema?
Calcium channel blockers
Which class of antihypertensive medication is associated with the side effect of flushing?
Angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs)
Which class of antihypertensive medication is associated with the side effect of dizziness?
ACE inhibitors
Which class of antihypertensive medication is associated with the side effect of headaches?
Diuretics
Which class of antihypertensive medication is associated with the side effect of back/leg pain?
Diuretics
Which class of antihypertensive medication is associated with the side effect of hyperkalemia?
ACE inhibitors
Which class of antihypertensive medication is associated with the side effect of impotence?
Diuretics
Which class of antihypertensive medication is associated with the side effect of gout?
Diuretics
Which class of antihypertensive medication is associated with the side effect of oestrogen-related side effects?
Diuretics
Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a cause of angina?
Mitral or aortic valve incompetence
What is the main cause of coronary ischaemia?
Atherosclerosis
What is the characteristic distribution of pain in angina?
Retrosternal
What can cause sudden ischaemia?
Thrombosis
What is the main symptom of angina pectoris?
Severe and crushing chest pain
Which of the following is NOT a side effect of verapamil and diltiazem?
Bradycardia
Which class of calcium channel blockers (CCBs) is mainly used for hypertension?
Amlodipine
Which potassium channel activator is used for patients who remain symptomatic despite optimal management with other drugs?
Ranolazine
Which drug mainly slows ventricular rate in rapid atrial fibrillation?
Verapamil
Which drug is used instead of a Beta-Blocker in Prinzmetal angina or alongside beta-blockers in most angina?
Amlodipine
Which type of angina is caused by a fixed narrowing of the coronary arteries?
Stable Angina
Which class of medications is important in the prophylaxis and treatment of stable and unstable angina?
Beta-blockers
Which type of angina is associated with a thrombus around a ruptured atheromatous plaque but without complete occlusion of the vessel?
Unstable Angina
Which class of medications mainly works by reducing the metabolic demand of the muscle in the treatment of angina?
Organic nitrates, nicorandil, and calcium antagonists
Which type of angina is caused by coronary artery spasm?
Variant (Prinzmetal) Angina
Which drug is classified as an unclassified antidysrhythmic drug?
Adenosine
Which drug is classified as a class 1b antidysrhythmic drug?
Lignocaine
Which drug is classified as a class 3 antidysrhythmic drug?
Amiodarone
Which class of drugs blocks the beta-1 receptors and slows the heart?
Class 2 drugs
Which class of drugs prolongs the cardiac action potential by prolonging the refractory period?
Class 3 drugs
Which class of drugs is used to prevent recurrence of supraventricular tachycardias and reduce ventricular rate in patients with atrial fibrillation?
Class IV
Which receptor is responsible for the effect of adenosine on the AV node?
A1 receptor
Which class of drugs shortens the plateau of the cardiac action potential and reduces the force of contraction of the heart?
Class IV
Which class of drugs is derived from the foxglove plant and reduces sinoatrial firing rate and conduction velocity through the atrioventricular node?
Unclassified
Which class of drugs is responsible for blocking cardiac voltage-gated L-type calcium channels and slowing conduction through the SA and AV nodes?
Class IV
Which of the following is NOT one of the learning outcomes mentioned in the text?
Know the mechanism of action, and uses of the Class I group of drugs
Which group of drugs is associated with the term 'use-dependent' block?
Class I
Which group of drugs is mainly used for hypertension?
Class II
Which group of drugs is NOT mentioned as having a specific mechanism of action and uses?
Class IV
Which group of drugs is associated with the term 'Vaughan Williams classification'?
Class I
Which of the following factors can affect drug distribution?
Plasma protein binding
Which of the following organs has the highest relative organ perfusion?
Heart
Which of the following is NOT a specialised barrier that affects drug distribution?
Capillary diffusion
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of drugs that may pass the blood brain barrier (BBB)?
Low capillary permeability
What is the main determinant of the initial rate of distribution of drugs?
Blood flow
Which of the following is NOT a fluid compartment involved in drug distribution?
Intravascular fluid
Which of the following is NOT a factor that affects drug distribution?
Capillary diffusion
Which one of these is a factor that affects drug distribution once they are absorbed into the blood stream?
Chemical properties of the drug
What does the volume of distribution (Vd) of a drug indicate?
The physiological compartments the drug distributes into
Which of the following is NOT a clinical relevance of the volume of distribution (Vd)?
Age
What is the relationship between the volume of distribution (Vd) and the elimination half-life of a drug?
Vd inversely depends on the elimination half-life
Which one of these is the correct formula to calculate the apparent volume of distribution (Vd)?
Vd = total amount of drug in the body / blood plasma concentration of drug
What is the main focus of the article 'Mitochondrial Dysfunction, Oxidative Stress and Diabetic Cardiovascular Disorders'?
Relationship between oxidative stress and diabetic cardiovascular disorders
Which one of these is NOT mentioned as a factor that can influence the volume of distribution (Vd)?
Rate of drug administration
Which one of these is the correct formula to calculate the dose of a drug based on the volume of distribution (Vd) and desired plasma concentration?
Dose = Vd x desired plasma concentration
Discover how systemic conditions such as diabetes, hypertension, and rheumatoid arthritis can impact the cardiovascular system in this informative quiz. Explore the effects of various diseases, medications, and nutritional factors on heart health. Test your knowledge and deepen your understanding of the interplay between systemic conditions and the cardiovascular system.
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