Cardio 6

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What is the driving force for blood flow?

The resistance of the vessel to blood flow
The radius of the blood vessel
The viscosity of the blood
The pressure difference between the two ends of the vessel (correct)

According to the Poiseuille equation, which factor has the greatest effect on vascular resistance?

Blood viscosity
Length of the blood vessel
Radius of the blood vessel (correct)
Pressure difference

What is the relationship between vascular resistance and blood flow?

Decreasing resistance increases flow (correct)
Resistance and flow are directly proportional
Resistance and flow are unrelated
Increasing resistance increases flow

What is the direction of blood flow determined by?

The pressure gradient from high to low pressure (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the major mechanism for changing blood flow in the cardiovascular system?

Changing the radius of the blood vessels (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the average pressure in the aorta?

around 100 mmHg (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of veins in the circulatory system?

To transport deoxygenated blood from tissues back to the heart (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which factor is directly proportional to the resistance to blood flow?

All of the above (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about vein compliance is correct?

Vein compliance is higher than artery compliance (B) Signup and view all the answers

What happens to blood distribution when veins constrict?

Blood shifts from veins to arteries (B) Signup and view all the answers

If the radius of a blood vessel decreases by half, how does the resistance change?

It increases by a factor of 16 (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between the arrangement of blood vessels and the total resistance to blood flow?

Vessels arranged in parallel offer less resistance than vessels arranged in series (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of valves in veins?

To prevent backflow of blood (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the formula for calculating the resistance to blood flow?

$R = 8\eta l/\pi r^4$ (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which factor contributes to the large blood storage capacity of the venous system?

Large cross-sectional area of veins (A) Signup and view all the answers

How does the velocity of blood flow in veins compare to arteries?

Velocity is lower in veins than arteries (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the parallel arrangement of blood vessels in the systemic circulation?

To distribute the blood flow to different organs simultaneously (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between cardiac output, blood pressure, and total peripheral resistance?

Cardiac output is directly proportional to blood pressure and inversely proportional to total peripheral resistance (A) Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the velocity of blood flow as the systemic arteries branch into smaller vessels?

It decreases (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements is true regarding the cross-sectional area of blood vessels?

The cross-sectional area is larger for capillaries than for arteries. (D) Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the velocity of blood flow as it moves from arterioles to capillaries?

It decreases (D) Signup and view all the answers

How does the velocity of blood flow relate to the total cross-sectional area of blood vessels?

They are inversely proportional (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the slower blood flow velocity in capillaries?

To allow more time for nutrient exchange (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements is correct about the relationship between blood flow and cross-sectional area?

Blood flow varies inversely with cross-sectional area. (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the systemic circulation?

To carry oxygenated blood away from the heart (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which artery has the highest compliance in the systemic circulation?

Aorta (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of arterioles in the circulatory system?

Control blood flow into capillaries (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which receptor is predominant in arterioles of most visceral organs?

Alpha 1 adrenergic receptor (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary endogenous agonist at beta 2 adrenergic receptors in arterioles?

Epinephrine (B) Signup and view all the answers

How do lipid-soluble substances cross the capillary wall?

By dissolving in and diffusing across the endothelial membrane (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of venules in the circulatory system?

Collect blood from capillaries and coalesce into veins (D) Signup and view all the answers

Where is vascular resistance highest in the circulatory system?

Arterioles (D) Signup and view all the answers