59 Questions
Which of the following bacteria is associated with scarlet fever and impetigo?
Streptococcus progenies
Which bacteria is the most common cause of skin, soft tissue, and wound infections?
Staphylococcus aureus
Which bacteria is associated with nosocomial infections and is commonly found on foreign devices like catheters?
Staphylococcus epidermis
Which bacteria is part of the normal bowel flora and can cause problems if it enters a normally sterile area?
Enterococcus
Which bacteria produces endotoxins that can cause severe tissue damage and is part of the normal bowel flora?
Clostridium difficile
Which bacteria is associated with antibiotic-associated diarrhea, especially in the elderly?
Clostridium difficile
Which bacteria is identified by its golden appearance and clump formation, resembling grapes?
Staphylococcus aureus
Which bacteria is associated with ⍺-hemolysis and causes pneumonia?
Streptococcus pneumoniae
Which bacteria is associated with 𝛾-hemolysis and is part of the normal bowel flora?
Clostridium difficile
Which bacteria is associated with numerous diseases, including scarlet fever and impetigo?
Streptococcus pyogenes
Which of the following best defines the term 'virulence'?
The capacity of a microbe to cause damage to its host
What is the purpose of the coagulase test?
To differentiate between Staph. aureus and coagulase negative Staph.
What happens during sepsis?
All of the above
Which of the following is the most common cause of bacterial meningitis?
Neisseria meningitidis
What are gut commensal coliforms?
Organisms that are part of the normal bowel flora- gram negative cocci associated with GI tract
Which antibiotic is the first line treatment for infections caused by coliforms?
Gentamicin
What is the purpose of the haemolysis test?
To differentiate between Streptococci
What is an opportunistic pathogen?
An organism that causes infection when opportunity/change in natural immunity arises
What is the definition of a pathogen?
A harmful organism that produces a disease in the host
What is the purpose of the coagulase test?
To differentiate between Staph. aureus and coagulase negative Staph.
What is the most common cause of skin, soft tissue, and wound infection?
Staphylococcus aureus
What is the definition of a pathogen?
A microorganism that can cause disease
What bacteria is commonly found on foreign devices like catheters?
Staphylococcus epidermis
What bacteria is associated with nosocomial infections?
Staphylococcus epidermis
What bacteria is associated with scarlet fever and impetigo?
Group A streptococcus (GAS)
What bacteria produces endotoxins that can cause severe tissue damage?
Clostridium spp.
What bacteria causes antibiotic-associated diarrhea, especially in the elderly?
Clostridium difficile
What bacteria is part of the normal bowel flora and can cause problems if it enters a normally sterile area?
Enterococcus
What is the definition of virulence?
The capacity of a microbe to cause damage to its host.
Define commensal.
An organism that is part of the normal flora, often in a mutualistic relationship.
What is an opportunistic pathogen?
An organism that causes infection when opportunity/change in natural immunity arises.
What is the purpose of the coagulase test?
To differentiate between Staph. aureus and coagulase negative Staph. (including Staph epidermis).
What is the purpose of the haemolysis test?
To differentiate between Streptococci.
What happens during sepsis?
Small blood vessels become 'leaky' and lose fluid into tissues, decreased blood volume, poor tissue perfusion, blood clotting system activated.
What are gut commensal coliforms?
Many coliforms that are part of the normal bowel flora.
Which antibiotic is the first line treatment for infections caused by coliforms?
Gentamicin.
What are the associated diseases of coliform infections?
Coliform infections can cause urinary tract infections, bloodstream infections, and infections in other parts of the body
Which of the following diseases is NOT associated with Group A streptococcus infections?
Pneumonia
What are the common infections caused by Group A streptococcus?
Skin infections
Which of the following is a bacterial infection caused by Group A streptococcus?
Strep throat
What are some diseases associated with Group A streptococcus infections?
Scarlet fever, impetigo, strep throat.
What are the steps in the process of how fever is induced in the body?
- Antigen/LPS interacts with macrophages
- Macrophages release cytokines into bloodstream
- Cytokines travel to anterior hypothalamus
- Prostaglandin E released - increases body’s thermal set point
- Body perceives it as cold - starts to ‘shiver’
- FEVER
Which cells release cytokines into the bloodstream during the process of inducing fever?
Macrophages
What is the role of prostaglandin E in the induction of fever?
Prostaglandin E is released and increases the body's thermal set point, causing the body to perceive it as cold and initiate shivering, leading to the onset of fever
What are some common gram-negative bacteria?
Neisseria meningitidis, Neisseria gonorrhoea, Haemophilia influenza, Escherichia coli (E. coli), Klebsiella, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella
What are some common gram-positive bacteria?
Streptococcus, Staphylococcus, Enterococcus, Clostridium, Fusobacterium
Which of the following best describes coliforms?
Gram negative bacilli
How can Escherischia coli be differentiated from each other?
By their biochemical reactions and antigenic structure
Where are coliforms commonly found in the body?
Bowel
What are coliforms and how are they identified?
Coliforms are a sub group of enterobacteria that are Gram negative bacilli. They are identified by their appearance on gram film and blood agar, resembling Escherischia coli.
How can Escherichia coli be differentiated from each other?
Escherichia coli can be differentiated from each other by biochemical reactions, antigenic structure of cell wall (serotype), and O antigens that have cell wall and H antigens that have flagella.
Where are coliforms commonly found in the body?
Coliforms are commonly found in the normal bowel flora.
Which bacteria is the most significant pathogenic streptococci?
Group A streptococcus
What are the common infections caused by Group A streptococcus?
Streptococcal sore throat and necrotising fasciitis
What is puerperal sepsis?
An infection of pregnant and postnatal women
What are the clinical manifestations of Group A streptococcus infections?
The clinical manifestations of Group A streptococcus infections include streptococcal sore throat (scarlet fever), invasive diseases like necrotising fasciitis, and puerperal sepsis.
What is puerperal sepsis?
Puerperal sepsis is the infection of pregnant and postnatal women caused by Group A streptococcus.
What is the specific type of infection caused by Clostridioides perfringens?
Gas gangrene
What illness is caused by Clostridium tetani?
Tetanus
Test your knowledge of key definitions in systemic bacteriology II, including virulence, pathogens, commensals, and opportunistic pathogens. Challenge yourself and improve your understanding of these important concepts in microbiology.
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