Systèmes d'information et gestion des données

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Questions and Answers

Quelles caractéristiques définissent une architecture monolithique ?

Utilisation de plusieurs technologies

Une séparation claire des responsabilités

Indépendance des fonctionnalités

Un couplage fort des fonctionnalités (correct)

Quels sont les défis associés à l'architecture en microservices ?

Coordination entre les équipes (correct)

Développement d'un monolithe

Couplage fort des services

Centralisation des règles métier

Quels avantages peut-on attendre d'une architecture en microservices ?

Couplage fort

Difficulté de mise à jour

Répartition des responsabilités (correct)

Technologies homogènes

Qu'est-ce qui caractérise l'architecture orientée lasagne ?

Une séparation claire en couches Signup and view all the answers

Quelle méthode est utilisée pour établir une vision du TO-BE dans l'urbanisation ?

Mapping AS-IS Signup and view all the answers

Quel est le premier composant essentiel d'un Système d'Information ?

Collecte Signup and view all the answers

Quelle est la fonction du middle office dans un SI bancaire moderne ?

Contrôle des risques et de la fraude Signup and view all the answers

Quel type de données ne fait PAS partie des exemples de flux d'information dans un SI ?

Données de réseaux sociaux Signup and view all the answers

Quel est un défi du passé pour les Systèmes d'Information ?

Coûts de maintenance Signup and view all the answers

Quelle architecture logicielle est associée à la décennie des années 2010 ?

Orientée ravioli Signup and view all the answers

Quel composant de l'Infrastructure ne fait PAS partie d'un Système d'Information ?

Analytique Signup and view all the answers

Quel type de données est essentiel pour la personnalisation des clients ?

Données transactionnelles Signup and view all the answers

Quelle est une caractéristique des architectures cloud natives ?

Serveurless Signup and view all the answers

Quelle méthode ne fait PAS partie de l'urbanisation des SI ?

Stratégie de maintenance Signup and view all the answers

Quelle méthode de stockage utilise un système de données opérationnelles ?

Base de données opérationnelle Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Tanguy Giton's Profile

Tanguy Giton is an ESIEA alumnus from the 2018 class.
He holds a Master's degree in Project and Program Management from SKEMA.
He works as a software editor at IKNO.
He is also a freelance IT consultant.
His email address is [email protected]

System Information

A system is organized to:
- Collect: Capture information where it originates.
- Process: Transform raw data into usable information.
- Store: Securely and accessibly store data.
- Distribute: Effectively deliver appropriate information when needed.
- Protect: Ensure data confidentiality and integrity.
Information is crucial to an enterprise's operation.

Components of an Information System

Users: Clients, employees, and partners interact with the system.
Applications: ERM (Enterprise Resource Management), CRM (Customer Relationship Management) software are examples.
Infrastructure: Servers, networks, and security are key.
Processes (Business Processes): Vente (Sales), Production, Support are examples of business processes.
Data: Referential data, transactions, and documents are utilized by the system.

IS, the Value Creator for Business

Business objectives drive the system.
Raw data is processed into meaningful information.
Decisions are made based on this information.
Feedback loops constantly refine and optimize the process.
Examples include personalized client data, predictive maintenance, and stock optimization driven from data analysis.

Anatomy of a Modern Banking IS

Front office: Clients, web, mobile, agencies, and partners engage directly.
Middle office: Controls risks from issues like fraud, manages limits, and provides services.
Back office: Handling accounting (Compta), treasury (Tréso), reporting, and batch processing.
Central data includes client, account, and transaction information.

Data Flows in Modern IS

Data sources (clients, partners, internal sources like IoT): varied input points.
Real-time and batch processing of data through API gateway.
Data storage in operational databases (Base Opérationnelle), Data Warehouses (Data Warehouse), and Data Lakes (Data Lake).
Utilization via KPIs, dashboards, and analytical tools (BI, analytics, ML/AI).

IT System Challenges in 2024

Past: Monolithic applications, on-premises infrastructure, long development cycles, siloed teams, and maintenance issues.
Present: Coexistence of old and new technologies, hybrid cloud solutions, agile development, microservices, and APIs.
Future: Cloud-native, serverless, event-driven architecture, intelligent automation, AI (IA), edge computing, and skilled talent shortages.

Urbanization of IS - Principles and Method

Strategic planning and definition drive the system.
Identifying business processes is critical.
Function zones are mapped.
Applications are designed and architected.
Infrastructure is put in place to support the whole system.

Software Architecture Evolution

1990s: Spaghetti-oriented architecture (Copy & Paste)
2000s: Lasagna-oriented architecture (Layered Monolith)
2010s: Ravioli-oriented architecture (Microservices)
The evolution presents different methods of handling data.

Monolith vs. Microservices

The diagram illustrates the transition from monolithic to micro-service architectures.
Tech feature teams play an increasing role.
The transition aims to improve agility and scalability.

Monolithic Application

A single, unified codebase for all functionalities.
Tight coupling between components.
A single file or one page handles several functionalities.
Business logic is often scattered and interdependent.

Layered Monolithic Application

Use of design patterns and object-oriented structures.
Explicit separation of responsibilities and business rules.
Centralized business rules for improved consistency.

Micro-Services

Each functionality is independent and utilizes different technologies.
Components interact loosely through APIs.
Each component is independently deployable.

IS Urbanization Method

AS-IS Mapping: Current state documentation, processes, and applications.
Analysis: Identifying weaknesses, opportunities, and constraints of the system.
TO-BE Design: Desired architecture, services, and governing bodies.
Convergence Plan: Roadmap, projects, quick wins, budgeting, and organizational details.

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Description

Ce quiz porte sur les systèmes d'information, leur collecte, traitement, stockage et distribution des données. Découvrez les différents composants et leur importance dans le fonctionnement d'une entreprise. Testez vos connaissances sur les applications et l'infrastructure associées aux systèmes d'information.