Systematic Biology Overview Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary focus of Systematic Biology?

The environmental impact on species extinction
The physiological processes within organisms
The classification and relationship of living organisms (correct)
The study of a single organism's lifespan

What does biological classification reveal about organisms?

It summarizes the behavior of various species.
It determines the size and shape of organisms.
It highlights evolutionary connections and diversification. (correct)
It illustrates the species' habitat preferences.

Which of the following components contributes to the study of Systematics?

Morphological, taxonomic, and phylogenetic analysis (correct)
Ecological surveys and field observations
Molecular genetics only
Behavioral studies and experimental methodologies

How does Systematic Biology assist in understanding evolutionary trends?

By classifying organisms based on their evolution and lineage (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of interpreting fossil records in Systematic Biology?

It establishes a timeline for the changes and diversity of life forms. (A) Signup and view all the answers

What best describes genetic diversity?

Diversity of genes within a species (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a reason for the importance of biodiversity?

It serves as a source of food, shelter, and inspiration for human creativity. (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about species diversity is true?

It deals with the number of different species in a given ecosystem. (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary characteristic of ecosystem diversity?

Diversity of habitat types within a particular geographic area. (C) Signup and view all the answers

How many named species are reported to exist?

1.8 million species (C) Signup and view all the answers

What characteristic is unique to prokaryotic cells compared to eukaryotic cells?

Presence of a single chromosome (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about modes of nutrition is correct?

Eukaryotic cells can be autotrophs, heterotrophs, or decomposers. (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which feature distinguishes eukaryotic cells from prokaryotic cells?

Containment of DNA within a membrane-bound nucleus (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which group includes only prokaryotic organisms according to Whittaker's classification?

Kingdom Monera (C) Signup and view all the answers

How do prokaryotic cells primarily divide?

Fission (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which kingdom is characterized by organisms that are prokaryotic and may be multicellular?

Monera (B) Signup and view all the answers

Identify the kingdom that primarily consists of organisms that are autotrophic and possess cell walls made of cellulose.

Plantae (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which characteristic is unique to the Animalia kingdom when compared to the other kingdoms listed?

Absence of cell walls (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which kingdom includes organisms that are both single-celled and multicellular but does not have a uniform characteristic regarding nutrition?

Protista (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary method by which fungi obtain nutrients?

Absorbing nutrients from surroundings (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which statement accurately describes the relationship between rRNA and DNA in Carl Woese's classification system?

rRNA has a lower mutation rate than DNA, making it more suitable for comparing species. (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which feature distinguishes Eukarya from both Archaea and Bacteria?

Presence of a nuclear envelope. (D) Signup and view all the answers

How do growth responses to antibiotics differ between Bacteria and Archaea?

Growth in Bacteria is inhibited, while Archaea's growth is not affected. (A) Signup and view all the answers

What characteristic of Archaea makes them distinct from Bacteria?

Ability to thrive in extreme environments. (A), Unique cell walls that are different from bacteria. (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of these statements about the domains of life is true?

Archaea and Eukarya share a more recent common ancestor than with Bacteria. (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which characteristic of viruses primarily indicates their non-living nature?

Inability to reproduce outside of living cells (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following characteristics is unique to viruses when compared to all living organisms?

Absence of metabolic activity (B) Signup and view all the answers

What aspect of viruses allows them to be classified as living entities during infection?

Ability to multiply within a host (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which characteristic does NOT align with the classification of viruses as living organisms?

Absence of protoplasm (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best explains why viruses are considered non-living outside of a host?

They cannot undergo reproduction. (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which virus shape is characterized by nucleic acid surrounded by a hollow protein cylinder?

Helical (B) Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes an envelope virus from other virus shapes?

It is surrounded by a lipid bilayer membrane. (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following virus shapes includes examples such as poliovirus and rhino virus?

Icosahedral (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is a key characteristic of complex viruses, such as bacteriophages?

They can attach to bacteria with a tail structure. (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which virus shape is commonly associated with the herpes virus?

Round (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following characteristics accurately describes viruses?

They are intracellular obligate parasites. (B) Signup and view all the answers

What did Iwanowsky contribute to the study of viruses?

He demonstrated that viruses could remain infective after passing through bacterial filters. (D) Signup and view all the answers

What term did Beijerinck use to refer to the infectious fluid that contained the virus?

Contagium Vivum Fluidum (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main reason viruses are not classified in a biological kingdom?

They do not meet the definition of living things. (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements is true regarding the size of viruses compared to prokaryotes?

Viruses are smaller than most prokaryotes. (C) Signup and view all the answers

What are the main characteristics of a virus?

Consists of nucleic acid surrounded by a capsid and possibly an envelope. (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements accurately describes how viruses differ from bacteria?

Viruses are much smaller than bacteria and require an electron microscope for visualization. (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the capsid in a virus?

It protects the viral genome and gives the virus its shape. (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which feature is characteristic of enveloped viruses?

They have a capsid and a lipid envelope derived from the host cell, often with spikes. (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about naked viruses is true?

They lack an envelope but have a capsid that protects their genetic material. (A) Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Biodiversity

All types of living things on Earth.

Genetic Diversity

Variations of genes within a species.