40 Questions
What is the purpose of the Validation process according to ISO/IEC/IEEE 15288?
To provide objective evidence that the system fulfills its business or mission objectives and stakeholder needs and requirements
What can the Validation process be applied to, according to the description provided?
Any engineering artifact, entity, or information item that has contributed to the definition and realization of the SoI
What does the Validation process provide objective evidence for?
Whether or not the artifacts will result in the right SoI
What is confirmed by the Validation process according to ISO/IEC/IEEE 15288?
The “right” artifact or entity has been made according to the stakeholder needs and stakeholder requirements
What is a key aspect confirmed by the Validation process?
The system does not enable unintended users to negatively impact the intended use of the system
Which artifacts or entities can undergo validation according to the Validation process description?
Any engineering artifact, entity, or information item that has contributed to the definition and realization of the SoI
Which process ensures the right artifact or entity is built?
Validation
What are the typical outputs of the Validation process?
Validation strategy/approach, validation criteria, validation procedure
Which activities consume resources in the Validation process?
Time, labor, facilities, funds
What are the typical inputs for the Validation process?
Validated stakeholder needs and requirements, validated system architecture and design
What are the validation constraints as mentioned in the text?
Cost, schedule, feasibility to exercise a function
What are the validation methods mentioned in the text?
Inspection, analysis, demonstration, test
What is the purpose of certification of systems?
To involve outside authorities and validate development reviews
What is an example of a certification body for electronics devices in Europe?
CE
Why is validation using models and simulations important?
To reduce the risk of issues discovered during system integration
What aspect of system validation may not be practical in all cases?
Validation of actual system behavior in the operational environment
What is a part of the validation results analysis?
Readiness for use assessment
What is the purpose of the SE Handbook as mentioned in the text?
For personal use only and cannot be uploaded or distributed publicly
In the context of validation, what is emphasized in the Fifth Edition SE Handbook?
The importance of involving stakeholders in the validation process
Which document provides additional guidance on the Validation process according to the text?
INCOSE NRM
What kind of traceability is involved in validation as per the text?
Bidirectional traceability with system architecture and stakeholder needs
Which life cycle processes are involved in the validation process based on the Fifth Edition SE Handbook?
Stakeholder Needs and Requirements Definition, System Requirements Definition, and Operational Environment Definition
What should be identified early in the life cycle according to the text?
Enabling systems and materials for validation
What is recommended during validation as per the Fifth Edition SE Handbook?
Testing in the actual operational environment and addressing off-nominal scenarios
What is the purpose of planning for validation?
To define stakeholder needs and requirements
What is the outcome of acceptance in the context of validation?
A decision by the acquirer to transition the system
What does validation of a stakeholder requirement ensure?
The requirement is the right one and clearly communicates the need
What is the purpose of validating a model or simulation?
To ensure it accurately reflects the intended behavior
What is the purpose of validating the system design?
To ensure it will result in a design for the SoI that will meet stakeholder needs and requirements
What action provides assurance that the system can perform its intended functions in accordance with legal or industrial standards?
Certification by the supplier
What is the caution given to the SE practitioner regarding validation of the realized system?
Validation using models and simulations may add risk to the project and decrease confidence level.
When should the validation of the realized system be regarded as definitive?
After the acceptable degree of confidence is realized.
Why is it important to know the status of the validation activities, anomalies discovered, and noncompliances in the progress of the project?
To better manage the budget and schedule, estimate risks, and take necessary actions.
What does substituting validation of the realized system with validation results obtained using models and simulations add risk to?
Integration of the realized system.
When should the SE practitioner substitute validation of the realized system with validation results obtained using models and simulations?
Only if it is absolutely necessary.
What does the SE practitioner need to realize before regarding the validation of the realized system as definitive?
Full integration and successful operation by intended users in actual environment.
What does managing the project's validation program enable?
Better management of budget and schedule, estimation of risks, and taking necessary actions.
What risks does not realizing the acceptable degree of confidence in the realized system present?
Operational success of the realized system.
Why is it cautioned to not substitute validation of the realized system with validation results obtained using models and simulations?
To reduce risk to the project and maintain confidence level.
What is emphasized regarding validation against the actual realized system in its actual operational environment by intended users?
It is necessary for definitive validation.
Study Notes
- Validation activities must be tested in the intended operational environment by the acquirer, even if they have been validated at a supplier facility.
- Planning for validation should begin when stakeholder needs and requirements are being defined, and validation success criteria should be defined at the same time.
- Reducing validation activities should be done using a risk-based approach to minimize costly and time-consuming gaps and missed requirements later in the life cycle.
- Validation actions include validating stakeholder requirements, system requirements, models or simulations, system architecture, system design, and realized SoIs.
- Validation outcomes include acceptance and certification, with acceptance being a decision by the acquirer to transition the system and certification being a written assurance that the system has been developed per defined procedures and standards.
- Acceptance involves a set of operational validation actions or a review of validation results by the supplier.
- Certification provides assurance that the system can perform its intended functions in accordance with legal or industrial standards.
- Validation of a stakeholder requirement ensures the requirement is the right one, clearly communicates the need, is actionable, and will meet the stakeholder's needs.
- Validation of a system requirement ensures the requirement is the right one, clearly communicates the need and requirement, is actionable, and will meet the stakeholder's needs when transformed into a system architecture and design.
- Validation of a model or simulation ensures it accurately reflects the intended behavior of the entity it represents and meets the intended purpose for which it was developed.
- Validation of the system architecture ensures it is the right architecture that will result in a design for the SoI that will meet stakeholder needs and requirements.
- Validation of the system design ensures the design will result in a SoI that meets its intended purpose in its operational environment when operated by intended users and meets stakeholder needs and requirements.
- Validation of a realized SoI ensures it meets its intended purpose in its operational environment when operated by intended users and does not enable unintended users to negatively impact the intended use of the system or use the system in an unintended way.
Learn about the importance of validation involving users performing acceptance tests in their intended operational environment. Understand the additional validation activities conducted by the acquirer in their own facility with the intended users.
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