System and Antibody Validation Concepts

<p>To verify that measurements are consistent and reliable (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They need to be sensitive and precise in detection (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Early detection can lead to more effective treatment options (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Maintenance of optimal physiological conditions for pH and temperature (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They aid in detecting the molecular location of proteins (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It may result in different experimental outcomes compared to uncontaminated cells. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Validating the genotype of mouse lines at regular intervals. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Some cell lines may lose their competence to differentiate. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They can be denatured by proteases present in cellular extracts. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To ensure that they do not mutate. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Mixing up genotypes of mouse lines. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Begin anew from a parental strain. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They are susceptible to denaturation from environmental changes. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To increase the signal-to-noise ratio (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>By establishing consistent conditions during measurements (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They are not immortal and have a limited number of replications (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The maximum replication number before senescence (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Consistent environmental conditions (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They increase the noise level in experiments (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It ensures that cultures are of the same age (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It can be assessed without considering environmental factors (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Using a dilution assay where the protein is diluted serially (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>More sensitive assays like Western blot are utilized when conventional methods fail (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Their detection requires more sensitive techniques due to their low expression (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The accumulation of sufficient tumor cells over time (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They help an individual avoid detection of certain substances (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They can amplify rare mRNA sequences for improved detection (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>ELISA (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Only qualitative results can indicate whether the protein is present (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Toxic effects not normally observed (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To knock out the mTOR gene (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Through a dose response experiment (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A sustained dose can last 3 hours (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It helps avoid harmful effects from overdosage (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It inhibits mTOR pathway signaling (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It may provide no additional therapeutic benefits (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To establish how frequently IGF-1 should be given (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The potential benefits versus the harm caused (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Safety goggles and lab coats (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It can lead to unmodified organisms being outcompeted (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Potential genetic risks posed by modified organisms (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Providing appropriate anesthesia during procedures (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To govern the use of experimental materials and protocols (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Wearing safety equipment like goggles and lab coats (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The cumulative nature of chemical exposure over time (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The ability of an antibody to detect a protein at low concentrations in a sample.

An experimental method, often involving serial dilutions, to determine the lowest detectable concentration of a protein using an antibody.

Genes that produce very small amounts of their corresponding protein.

A technique to amplify rare mRNA sequences, often used to detect low-level gene expression.

Identifying or detecting the presence of illegal or regulated substances in a sample.

Identifying tumors or viruses in their early stages, when they are smaller and easier to treat.

A laboratory technique used to detect specific proteins in a sample using antibodies.

A laboratory technique used to detect specific proteins in a sample using antibodies. Often more sensitive than Western Blotting.

The ability of a test to identify a small number of tumor cells in a tissue sample.

The ability of an assay to detect a substance or effect accurately.

The ability of a drug test to detect controlled substances, such as drugs or viruses, in a sample.

Two proteins found near each other within a cell, potentially indicating a working relationship.

Assay sensitivity can depend on factors like pH and temperature during testing. Optimal conditions need to match actual conditions.

The ability of a measurement system to detect and measure small changes influenced by something.

Making sure measurements are consistent and reliable.

A test's ability to accurately identify both the presence and the absence of something.

Ensuring measuring devices are sensitive enough to accurately detect signals amidst noise.

A measure of the strength of a signal compared to the noise level.

Consistency of measurements under identical conditions.

The ability to consistently measure something the same way under the same conditions.

Cells harvested directly from a living organism. Not immortal

Cells that can replicate indefinitely.

A process where cells stop dividing and functioning normally.

Experiments designed to predict outcomes or behavior

Ensuring consistent conditions for cell cultures to maintain predictable differentiation.

Bacterial contamination can skew results in animal cell cultures, especially if growing slowly.

Regular verification of mouse genotype to avoid errors and ensure accurate results.

External factors causing instability in animal/human subjects, affecting reliability in studies.

Periodic testing and genotyping of yeast and bacterial strains to maintain stability.

Growth factors easily degrade (become nonfunctional) from repeated freezes, thaws, and proteases.

Substances added to prevent ice damage during freezing/thawing of biological materials (especially growth factors).

Validation of subjects to understand their potential reliability in experiments, considering any factors that affect them.

The naturally occurring concentration range of Insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) in cells and tissues.

Using IGF-1 concentrations higher than the naturally occurring range, potentially leading to toxic effects.

A relationship showing how the effect of a drug or treatment changes with different doses.

A method to inhibit a gene's function by introducing small interfering RNA molecules.

Using siRNA or other methods to reduce the activity of the mTOR pathway.

Determining how often a medicine or treatment should be given to maintain its desired effect.

A study tracking how a biological effect (e.g., protein phosphorylation) changes over time after treatment.

IGF-1 stimulating the addition of a phosphate group to the Akt protein.

Small risks, if repeated or combined, can add up to a significant safety hazard.

Protective gear and facilities designed to minimize exposure to hazards during scientific experimentation.

Scientific investigation that prioritizes the well-being and rights of human or animal subjects.

Organisms with altered genetic makeup, potentially creating a selective advantage in the environment.

Experiments conducted in a natural environment to assess the effects of a new organism or technology.

Ensuring that research does not pose a risk to the broader population, even beyond the immediate experimental site.

Moral principles that guide scientific research, including animal welfare, human rights, and responsible use of technology.

Planning and implementing safety precautions in advance of any scientific research.