30 Questions
What is considered in the identification of requirements in the System Requirements Definition Process?
Resilience and other adversity-driven considerations
Which process includes the evaluation of alternative solution classes for the ability to deliver required capabilities under adversity?
Business or Mission Analysis Process
What does the Operational concept scenarios include in relation to resilience?
Resilience scenarios
Who are part of the stakeholder set in the Stakeholder Needs and Requirements Definition Process?
Persons who understand potential adversities and stakeholder resilience needs
What significantly limits and guides the range of acceptable architectures in the System Architecture Definition Process?
Achieving resilience and other adversity-driven considerations
Which process handles risks and opportunities identified by resilience activities?
Risk Management Process
What is the form of resilience requirements according to the text?
All of the above
What are the three categories of transitions between system states as mentioned in the text?
Robustness, tolerance, recovery
According to the text, what approach supports the circular economy throughout a product's life cycle?
Sustainability Engineering
Which architectural technique is specifically mentioned for achieving resilience in the text?
All of the above
What is the role of safety management in system safety engineering?
Minimizing hazards through design, technical mitigations, or procedural controls to reduce likelihood or impact of accidents
What does system safety engineering require for effectiveness?
Qualified people, effective processes, appropriate governance, and culture
Why can safety not be guaranteed 100% in system safety engineering?
Hazards may be unknown or uneliminable
What is the importance of recognizing dependencies between hazards in safety decision-making?
To make safety decisions more effective
How do regulators assess safety risk in system safety engineering?
In terms of both likelihood and severity of harm
What does the safety engineering process aim to achieve by integrating tightly with the wider engineering and business processes?
Reducing the risk of incorrect assumptions
Why should SE practitioners exercise caution when employing Agile for safety critical systems, according to Akroyd-Wallis (2018)?
Agile may introduce risks in safety critical systems
What is a specific safety engineering consideration during System Architecture Definition?
Identification of potential hazards with the system
What drives the effectiveness of a safety management system, according to the text?
Suitably qualified and experienced personnel
Why do safety practitioners need to be in the room when key decisions are made, according to the text?
To lead the safety decision making and capture key information in an audit trail
In the circular economy, what production and consumption model is emphasized?
Sharing, reusing, repairing, and recycling
What is a crucial component of the circular economy that involves responsible disposability?
Recycling and materials reuse
What is an important consideration during System Architecture Definition and Design Definition to enable reuse, remanufacturing, or recycling of materials?
Design for disassembly
Which method assesses a product's environmental impact throughout its life cycle using sophisticated software support?
Life cycle assessment (LCA)
What approach reduces the likelihood of harm to people, assets, and the environment by addressing risks throughout a system's life cycle?
System safety engineering
Which type of hazard arises from the interactions between the system, operators, and environment?
Socio-technical hazards
What is a potential risk of using bull-bars in vehicles?
Increased risk to pedestrians in vehicle to pedestrian collisions
What caused the loss of two 737 Max aircraft due to failure to specify Maneuvering Characteristics Augmentation System (MCAS) as safety critical?
Failure to manage design changes
What is crucial for recognizing safety-critical requirements in system safety engineering?
Maintaining traceability
What is the goal of mitigating known hazards in system safety engineering?
Reducing the likelihood or severity of hazards
Study Notes
- Intrinsic hazards are caused by material or design factors of system elements
- Functional hazards result from incorrect or unexpected system functions
- Socio-technical hazards arise from interactions between system, operators, and environment
- Car on icy road and inexperienced driver: accident hazard, mitigated by traction control, trained drivers, or not driving in icy conditions
- Failure to specify Maneuvering Characteristics Augmentation System (MCAS) as safety critical led to loss of two 737 Max aircraft
- Bull-bars reduce risk of injury in vehicle to vehicle or vehicle to large animal collisions but increase risks to pedestrians in vehicle to pedestrian collisions
- Asbestos or flammable substances present inherent hazards
- Failure to properly remove old wiring led to Clapham junction rail accident
- Misaligned mental models between operators, maintainers, and designers: false alarms led to overriding without investigation, resulting in Smiler accident
- Piper-Alpha oil platform accident caused by failure to properly manage design changes, poor maintenance management, and poor contingency planning
- System safety engineering seeks to control hazards by understanding system environment, wider SoI, proposed system, and use
- Life Cycle Analyses and Methods specify safety requirements for system
- Maintaining traceability is crucial for recognizing safety-critical requirements
- Analyzing potential safety hazards using multiple techniques
- Mitigating/controlling known hazards by reducing likelihood or severity
- Establishing a safety management system tailored to organization, industry, and application
- Defining approach to developing safe systems, managing infrastructure, processes, and information, overseeing operations and maintenance, and ensuring effective safety culture
- Regular measurement and communication of safety culture to reinforce safety behavior.
Test and expand your knowledge of system safety engineering, which involves engineering the system of interest, the wider socio-technical operational system, and the socio-technical or purely social management system. This quiz covers the impact of system usage, maintenance, and management on safety, as well as the critical importance of aligning mental models of different stakeholders.
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