System Development Life Cycle Models

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Questions and Answers

What does the Waterfall Model primarily emphasize in its software development approach?

Flexible requirements that evolve over time

Development through multiple iterations

Continuous testing throughout development

Completion of each phase before moving to the next (correct)

Which model emphasizes both validation and verification at every stage of development?

Prototype Model

V-Model (correct)

Incremental Model

Iterative Model

In which model are projects developed and delivered in smaller, manageable portions?

Iterative Model

Waterfall Model

V-Model

Incremental Model (correct)

What is the primary focus of the Iterative Model?

Refining processes through repeated cycles Signup and view all the answers

Which model functions by creating a prototype to gather user feedback and quality requirements?

Prototype Model Signup and view all the answers

What is the first phase of the System Development Life Cycle (SDLC)?

Planning and Selection Signup and view all the answers

During which SDLC phase do organizations analyze current procedures and determine system requirements?

Analysis Signup and view all the answers

What is produced during the Design phase of the SDLC?

Logical design specifications Signup and view all the answers

Which phase involves coding, testing, and installing the information system?

Implementation Signup and view all the answers

What is the final phase of the SDLC called?

Maintenance Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT part of the SDLC phases?

Requirements Gathering Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes modern life cycle models in software development?

They focus on flexibility, collaboration, and iterative progress. Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes logical design from physical design in the SDLC?

Logical design is platform-specific, while physical design is platform-independent. Signup and view all the answers

Which outcome occurs during the Planning phase of the SDLC?

Total information system needs are identified. Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary advantage of the Rapid Application Development (RAD) methodology?

It focuses on delivering a working product quickly. Signup and view all the answers

What is a defining characteristic of the Agile Model?

It relies on customer feedback and small, rapid updates. Signup and view all the answers

Which methodology limits work-in-progress to improve efficiency?

Kanban Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following methodologies combines development and operations?

DevOps Signup and view all the answers

What approach does the Spiral Model incorporate?

A risk-driven approach combined with iterative development. Signup and view all the answers

What is a feature of Scrum methodologies?

It defines specific roles such as Scrum Master and Product Owner. Signup and view all the answers

Modern life cycle models aim to address which of the following challenges?

Increased complexity and fast-changing requirements. Signup and view all the answers

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Study Notes

Chapter 2: System Development Life Cycle Models

This chapter focuses on System Development Life Cycle (SDLC) models
Learning objectives include identifying traditional SDLC models, explaining differences between models, and listing SDLC stages.

2.1 Traditional Life Cycle Models

Traditional Life Cycle Models are structured methods used in software and system engineering
They follow a linear or sequential process with clearly defined stages
Examples include:
- Waterfall Model: A linear approach; each phase (Requirements, Design, Implementation, Testing, Deployment, and Maintenance) must be completed before moving to the next.
- V-Model (Validation and Verification): Extends the Waterfall model by emphasizing testing and verification at each development stage.
- Incremental Model: Divides the project into smaller segments; allows portions to be developed and delivered incrementally
- Iterative Model: Focuses on refining and revisiting processes; repeated cycles improve the system at each iteration
- Prototype Model: Involves creating an initial prototype to gather user feedback and refine requirements

2.1 Traditional Life Cycle Models (Continued)

A diagram illustrating the Waterfall model shows the sequential flow from Requirement Analysis to System Design, Implementation, Testing, Deployment, and Maintenance.
A diagram illustrating the V-Model shows the verification and validation phases at each stage of development in a V-shape.
A diagram illustrating the Incremental model shows the project divided into smaller segments, delivered incrementally. Steps in the cycle are repeated for each iteration.
A diagram illustrating the Iterative model shows repeated cycles focusing on refining and improving the system at each iteration.
A diagram illustrating the Prototype model shows the steps for requirement gathering and building the prototype.

2.2 Modern Life Cycle Models

Modern Life Cycle Models are contemporary approaches to software development
They emphasize flexibility, adaptability, iterative progress to account for dynamic business needs and evolving technologies
These models contrast with traditional ones via continuous improvement, collaboration, and faster delivery
Examples include:
- Rapid Application Development (RAD): Emphasizes speed, flexibility, and iterative development to quickly deliver a working product. Minimizes planning and maximizes user involvement
- Agile Model: A flexible and iterative approach that promotes collaboration, customer feedback, and small, rapid releases
- Scrum: A subset of Agile focused on short development cycles (sprints) with defined roles like Scrum Master and Product Owner
- Kanban: A lean methodology emphasizing visual workflows and limiting work-in-progress to improve efficiency
- DevOps: Combines development and operations to enhance collaboration, automate processes, and enable continuous delivery and integration
- Spiral Model: Combines iterative development with a risk-driven approach, repeatedly passing through planning, design, build, and testing phases.

2.3 Overview SDLC Stages

Traditional SDLC methodology used to develop, maintain, and replace information systems
Consists of five phases:
- Planning and Selection
- Analysis
- Design
- Implementation
- Maintenance
Phases are not necessarily sequential
Each phase has a specific outcome and deliverable
Individual companies may adapt lifecycles

2.3 Overview SDLC Stages (Continued)

Planning: Determines an information system's total needs and prioritizes them
Analysis: Studies current procedures and information systems, determines requirements, generates design options and recommends the best alternative.
Design: Describes the recommended solution, creating logical and physical specifications. Logical design defines all functional features; physical design specifies the technology-specific details.
Implementation: Codes, tests, installs and supports the new system within the organization.
Maintenance: Monitors the information system; makes changes to resolve user issues reflecting evolving business conditions to maintain running and useful systems. Programmer adjustments reflect user needs and business changes.

Additional Information

A table outlining the products, outputs, and deliverables for each SDLC phase are provided
Diagrams illustrate the components of the Waterfall, V-Model, Incremental, Iterative, and Prototype models, along with the Evolutionary and systems development lifecycle models.

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Description

This quiz explores the different System Development Life Cycle (SDLC) models covered in Chapter 2. You will learn to identify traditional SDLC models, explain their differences, and list the stages involved in each model. Test your understanding of the Waterfall, V-Model, Incremental, and Iterative models.