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Questions and Answers
Agile development emphasizes individuals and interactions over processes and tools.
Agile development emphasizes individuals and interactions over processes and tools.
True
The KISS principle stands for 'Keep It Simple, Stupid' in Extreme Programming.
The KISS principle stands for 'Keep It Simple, Stupid' in Extreme Programming.
True
In agile development, responding to change is less important than following a plan.
In agile development, responding to change is less important than following a plan.
False
Extreme Programming (XP) focuses solely on comprehensive documentation before coding begins.
Extreme Programming (XP) focuses solely on comprehensive documentation before coding begins.
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In agile development, customer collaboration is preferred over contract negotiation.
In agile development, customer collaboration is preferred over contract negotiation.
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Prototyping methodologies quickly provide a working system that is ready for widespread organizational use.
Prototyping methodologies quickly provide a working system that is ready for widespread organizational use.
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Throwaway prototypes have a relatively thorough design phase focused on gathering information and developing system concepts.
Throwaway prototypes have a relatively thorough design phase focused on gathering information and developing system concepts.
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Users can interact with the prototype to better understand its capabilities and limitations.
Users can interact with the prototype to better understand its capabilities and limitations.
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A design prototype is a fully functional system used for user feedback.
A design prototype is a fully functional system used for user feedback.
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Prototyping can lead to significant changes that might render initial design decisions ineffective.
Prototyping can lead to significant changes that might render initial design decisions ineffective.
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A key challenge of prototyping is that it complicates careful, methodical analysis.
A key challenge of prototyping is that it complicates careful, methodical analysis.
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Users who provide suggestions for features during prototyping fully understand the technical challenges involved.
Users who provide suggestions for features during prototyping fully understand the technical challenges involved.
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Implementation follows the system prototype stage in the system development life cycle.
Implementation follows the system prototype stage in the system development life cycle.
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Throwaway prototyping methodologies evolve prototypes into the final system.
Throwaway prototyping methodologies evolve prototypes into the final system.
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Agile development is a flexible approach that allows for changing requirements during software development.
Agile development is a flexible approach that allows for changing requirements during software development.
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During the analysis and design phases, design prototypes are utilized to minimize risks associated with the system.
During the analysis and design phases, design prototypes are utilized to minimize risks associated with the system.
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The implementation stage of throwaway prototyping occurs before the design prototype is created.
The implementation stage of throwaway prototyping occurs before the design prototype is created.
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Structured Design is one of the methodologies under Systems Development Methodologies (SDM).
Structured Design is one of the methodologies under Systems Development Methodologies (SDM).
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Prototyping-based methodologies typically yield systems that are less stable and reliable than throwaway prototyping methodologies.
Prototyping-based methodologies typically yield systems that are less stable and reliable than throwaway prototyping methodologies.
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The final system delivered using throwaway prototyping methodologies is usually available sooner than in prototyping-based methodologies.
The final system delivered using throwaway prototyping methodologies is usually available sooner than in prototyping-based methodologies.
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HTML mockup screens created by the analyst team are functional systems.
HTML mockup screens created by the analyst team are functional systems.
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XP relies on continuous testing and simple coding performed by individual developers.
XP relies on continuous testing and simple coding performed by individual developers.
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User stories are an essential starting point for XP projects.
User stories are an essential starting point for XP projects.
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Refactoring in XP is a method that allows for complex restructuring of code.
Refactoring in XP is a method that allows for complex restructuring of code.
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XP projects can get bogged down in extensive requirements gathering, similar to RAD approaches.
XP projects can get bogged down in extensive requirements gathering, similar to RAD approaches.
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Code is tested daily in XP, and problematic code can be backed out until fixed.
Code is tested daily in XP, and problematic code can be backed out until fixed.
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In XP, having a detailed analysis and design documentation is crucial for project success.
In XP, having a detailed analysis and design documentation is crucial for project success.
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For large projects, XP is guaranteed to maintain project success, even with less experienced teams.
For large projects, XP is guaranteed to maintain project success, even with less experienced teams.
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Stand-up meetings in XP serve as an opportunity for immediate feedback and interaction among team members.
Stand-up meetings in XP serve as an opportunity for immediate feedback and interaction among team members.
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Phased development methodologies allow project teams to focus more on detailed analysis of the problem domain.
Phased development methodologies allow project teams to focus more on detailed analysis of the problem domain.
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Reliability is a critical factor in system development, especially for applications like medical equipment.
Reliability is a critical factor in system development, especially for applications like medical equipment.
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RAD-based methodologies are best suited for projects with long time schedules.
RAD-based methodologies are best suited for projects with long time schedules.
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Waterfall-based methodologies allow for easy schedule changes when time is a premium.
Waterfall-based methodologies allow for easy schedule changes when time is a premium.
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RAD methodologies move critical design decisions to the end of the project to allow for better schedule visibility.
RAD methodologies move critical design decisions to the end of the project to allow for better schedule visibility.
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Selecting a methodology for development is straightforward because one methodology is always the best choice.
Selecting a methodology for development is straightforward because one methodology is always the best choice.
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When user requirements are unclear, prototyping-based methodologies are generally less useful.
When user requirements are unclear, prototyping-based methodologies are generally less useful.
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Throwaway prototyping-based methodologies are particularly useful when developers are familiar with the technology being used.
Throwaway prototyping-based methodologies are particularly useful when developers are familiar with the technology being used.
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Phased development-based methodologies help investigate new technology in depth before final design.
Phased development-based methodologies help investigate new technology in depth before final design.
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Complex systems require careful analysis that can be accommodated by traditional structured design-based methodologies.
Complex systems require careful analysis that can be accommodated by traditional structured design-based methodologies.
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Due to their nature, prototyping-based methodologies are always suitable for handling system complexity.
Due to their nature, prototyping-based methodologies are always suitable for handling system complexity.
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Interaction with technology helps users better understand their system requirements.
Interaction with technology helps users better understand their system requirements.
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Familiarity with technology decreases the risks associated with a new development project.
Familiarity with technology decreases the risks associated with a new development project.
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Study Notes
System Analysis & Design
- This presentation covers system analysis and design, specifically focusing on different methodologies.
Chapter 2 Agenda Part 3
- The agenda outlines topics: Systems Development Methodologies, RAD, Agile Development, and Selecting the Appropriate Development Methodology.
Systems Development Methodologies
- System Development Methodologies (SDM) are categorized:
- Structured Design
- Rapid Application Development (RAD)
- Agile Development
Rapid Application Development (RAD)
- A newer class of systems development methodologies that emerged in the 1990s.
- Attempts to address weaknesses of structured design methodologies by adjusting the Software Development Life Cycle (SDLC) phases to deliver some parts of the system quickly to users.
- Users can better understand the system and suggest revisions to bring the system closer to meeting needs.
- Most RAD-based methodologies recommend using special techniques and computer tools to speed up analysis, design, and implementation phases (e.g., CASE tools, JAD sessions, fourth-generation programming languages like Perl, Python, Ruby, SQL, and code generators).
Phased Development
- A methodology that breaks an overall system into a series of versions, developed sequentially.
- Analysis phase: Identifies overall system concept and categorizes requirements into versions.
- Fundamental requirements bundled in the first version.
- The analysis phase leads to design and implementation, focusing on the requirements for version 1.
- After implementing version 1, work starts on version 2, analyzing and incorporating user feedback from the previous version.
- This process continues until the system is complete or no longer in use.
- Pros: Quickly provides a useful system to users
- Cons: Systems are intentionally incomplete initially
Prototyping
- A methodology where analysis, design, and implementation phases are performed concurrently and repeatedly until the system is complete.
- A "quick-and-dirty" prototype is built initially, providing a minimal number of features.
- Users provide feedback on the prototype which leads to reanalysis, redesign and reimplementation of subsequent prototypes with additional features.
- This process continues until a sufficient level of functionality is achieved.
- Pros: Quickly provides a system for users to interact with, helps to refine requirements, and reduces delays.
- Cons: Challenges in conducting careful, methodical analysis, leading to poor design decisions. Issues and problems may not be recognized until deep into the development process.
Throwaway Prototyping
- Prototypes are designed and built for a specific purpose early in the SDLC; they are not meant to become part of the final system.
- Their purpose is to clarify requirements, analyze potential technical issues, and identify the specific design steps needed to overcome those issues.
- Once the requirements are understood and technical issues are resolved, the design prototypes are discarded, and the team moves to the creation of the final system.
Agile Development
- An iterative and flexible approach to software development that emphasizes collaboration, adaptability, and continuous improvement.
- Gained popularity due to its ability to accommodate changing requirements and efficiently deliver high-quality software.
- Key principles of agile development include customer collaboration over contract negotiation, working software over comprehensive documentation, responding to change over following a plan.
- Typically uses iterative sprints or iterations to deliver working pieces of software.
- Includes continuous feedback and adaptation at the end of each iteration, incorporating feedback into subsequent iterations.
Extreme Programming (XP)
- Founded on four core values: communication, simplicity, feedback, and courage.
- Developers provide rapid feedback to end users on a continuous basis.
- Follows a strict "KISS" principle (Keep It Simple, Stupid).
- Developments occur in small incremental changes, accepting and embracing change frequently.
- Emphasis on quality and continuous testing, ensuring code is completely bug-free each day.
- Uses refactoring, a disciplined way to restructure code to maintain its simplicity
Selecting The Appropriate Development Methodology
- Choosing a methodology is challenging due to many available options.
- Factors impacting the selection of a specific methodology:
- Clarity of user requirements
- Familiarity with technology
- System complexity
- System reliability
- Short time schedules
- Schedule visibility
- The choice depends on the specific project needs.
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Description
Explore the essential concepts of System Analysis and Design covered in Chapter 2. This quiz focuses on various systems development methodologies including RAD and Agile Development. Understand how these methodologies adapt to improve the Software Development Life Cycle.
