Synthetic Fibres: Types, Properties, and Uses

Synthetic Fibre

Definition

• A synthetic fibre is a man-made fibre produced from chemical compounds.
• Also known as artificial fibre or man-made fibre.

Types of Synthetic Fibres

• Nylon: first synthetic fibre produced in 1935, known for its high strength and resistance to abrasion.
• Polyester: produced in 1941, widely used in clothing, upholstery, and textiles.
• Acrylic: produced in 1948, known for its softness and warmth, often used as a substitute for wool.
• Polypropylene: produced in 1954, used in carpets, upholstery, and other industrial applications.
• Spandex: produced in 1959, known for its elasticity and stretchiness, often used in clothing.

Production Process

• Polymerization: the process of creating a synthetic fibre by combining chemical compounds.
• Extrusion: the process of forcing the polymer mixture through a spinneret to create fibre filaments.
• Drawing: the process of stretching the fibre filaments to align the molecular structure and increase strength.

Properties of Synthetic Fibres

• High strength: synthetic fibres are often stronger than natural fibres.
• Resistance to wrinkles: synthetic fibres can resist wrinkles and creases.
• Easy to clean: synthetic fibres can be easily washed and dried.
• Moisture resistance: synthetic fibres can resist water and moisture.
• Affordable: synthetic fibres are often cheaper to produce than natural fibres.

Uses of Synthetic Fibres

• Clothing: synthetic fibres are widely used in clothing, including outdoor gear, sportswear, and casual wear.
• Upholstery: synthetic fibres are used in furniture and car upholstery.
• Textiles: synthetic fibres are used in carpets, curtains, and other textiles.
• Industrial applications: synthetic fibres are used in industrial applications, such as manufacturing and construction.

Test your knowledge of synthetic fibres, including their definition, types, production process, properties, and uses. Learn about nylon, polyester, acrylic, polypropylene, and spandex.