Synthetic Fibres: Types, Properties, and Uses

Synthetic Fibre

Definition

• A synthetic fibre is a man-made fibre produced from chemical compounds.
• Also known as artificial fibre or man-made fibre.

Types of Synthetic Fibres

• Nylon: first synthetic fibre produced in 1935, known for its high strength and resistance to abrasion.
• Polyester: produced in 1941, widely used in clothing, upholstery, and textiles.
• Acrylic: produced in 1948, known for its softness and warmth, often used as a substitute for wool.
• Polypropylene: produced in 1954, used in carpets, upholstery, and other industrial applications.
• Spandex: produced in 1959, known for its elasticity and stretchiness, often used in clothing.

Production Process

• Polymerization: the process of creating a synthetic fibre by combining chemical compounds.
• Extrusion: the process of forcing the polymer mixture through a spinneret to create fibre filaments.
• Drawing: the process of stretching the fibre filaments to align the molecular structure and increase strength.

Properties of Synthetic Fibres

• High strength: synthetic fibres are often stronger than natural fibres.
• Resistance to wrinkles: synthetic fibres can resist wrinkles and creases.
• Easy to clean: synthetic fibres can be easily washed and dried.
• Moisture resistance: synthetic fibres can resist water and moisture.
• Affordable: synthetic fibres are often cheaper to produce than natural fibres.

Uses of Synthetic Fibres

• Clothing: synthetic fibres are widely used in clothing, including outdoor gear, sportswear, and casual wear.
• Upholstery: synthetic fibres are used in furniture and car upholstery.
• Textiles: synthetic fibres are used in carpets, curtains, and other textiles.
• Industrial applications: synthetic fibres are used in industrial applications, such as manufacturing and construction.