Syntax Structures in Linguistics Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is represented by the y-axis in the spatial representation of cognitive science?

  • Temporal resolution
  • Tools employed in studying cognition (correct)
  • Levels of organization of cognition
  • Different cognitive domains

    • In Edward Tolman's cognitive mapping experiments with rats, what did the rats demonstrate when faced with a change in their starting place or blockades in their usual routes?

  • Consulting a map-like knowledge (correct)
  • Stimulus-response associations
  • Reinforcement learning
  • Latent learning

    • What did Karl Lashley suggest about complex behaviors in his paper from 1951?

  • Planning and organization (correct)
  • Serial processing
  • Bottom-up processes
  • Subconscious information processing

    • Which discipline involves the method of building and testing machines, according to the 'Summary of Disciplines and Methods' section?

    <p>AI researchers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the study of Cognitive Science include due to the typical research participants being WEIRD, according to the text?

    <p>Anthropology and cultural differences</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was a key change in the study of cognitive science that emerged in the 1970s and 1980s?

    <p>New technologies for studying neural activity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does deep structure of a sentence refer to?

    <p>The underlying meaning of a sentence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to George Miller's article, how many items can humans process at the same time?

    <p>Around seven items</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Donald Broadbent's filter model of attention propose?

    <p>People consciously attend to one source of information and ignore others</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of the SQ3R technique for efficient reading?

    <p>To engage deeply with the text while reading it</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of a correlational research design?

    <p>Assessing the relationship between income and education level</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the dichotic listening task relate to Broadbent's filter model of attention?

    <p>It demonstrates how people selectively filter out irrelevant information</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of cognitive science?

    <p>To integrate perspectives on the mind and cognition from different disciplines</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of information processing bottleneck did George Miller propose?

    <p>Selective attention bottleneck</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which academic field is most relevant to cognitive science according to the text?

    <p>Philosophy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In cognitive science, which aspect involves stored bodies of information?

    <p><em>Sophisticated cognitive ability</em></p> Signup and view all the answers

    What unifies psychology as mentioned in the text?

    <p>A common set of experimental methods and models</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which academic field speculates about how the mind evolved?

    <p>Evolutionary biology</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The ball has been hit by John is an example of what concept from language transformation?

    <p><em>Surface structure</em></p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do philosophers in cognitive science primarily focus on?

    <p>Detailed argument and analysis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what way do computer scientists contribute to cognitive science based on the text?

    <p>By exploring how mental processes can be simulated in computers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes psychology from other academic fields mentioned in the text?

    <p>The use of a common set of experimental methods and models</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do evolutionary biologists contribute to cognitive science?

    <p>By speculating about how the mind evolved</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of neuroscientists in studying cognition?

    <p>Studying the mind's biological machinery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes philosophical contributions to cognitive science?

    <p>Detailed argument and analysis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of a within-subjects design in an experiment?

    <p>To ensure each participant completes each condition in the experiment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of variable is manipulated in an experiment?

    <p>Independent variable</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of counterbalancing in a within-subjects experiment?

    <p>To ensure the order of condition presentation does not bias results</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In an experiment, what do you call factors not considered and uncontrolled that may affect the results?

    <p>Confounding variables</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which design involves separate participants completing each condition in an experiment?

    <p>Between-subjects design</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does manipulating conditions within an experiment involve?

    <p>Testing different levels of independent variables</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it necessary to manipulate only one independent variable at a time in an experiment?

    <p>To avoid confounding variables</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the importance of counterbalancing the order of presentation of conditions in an experiment?

    <p>To ensure experimental validity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Eating chocolate will facilitate performance on a memory test' is an example of a/an:

    <p>Alternative hypothesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does statistical analysis help researchers determine in an experiment?

    <p>The impact of independent variables on the results</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of counterbalancing in a within-subjects experiment?

    <p>To ensure that all participants experience the same conditions in the same order</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In cognitive experiments, what are confounding variables?

    <p>Factors not considered and uncontrolled that may have affected the results</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which academic field in cognitive science primarily focuses on detailed argument and analysis?

    <p>Philosophy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes within-subjects design from between-subjects design in experiments?

    <p>Whether each participant completes each condition or separate participants complete each condition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What unites psychologists in their study of mental processes according to the text?

    <p>Common set of experimental methods and models</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it important to manipulate only one independent variable at a time in an experiment?

    <p>To avoid confusion between different variables' effects</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes the contributions of computer scientists to cognitive science?

    <p>Modeling mental processes in computers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of experimental design is more suitable when recruiting a small number of participants?

    <p>Within-subjects design</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it important for researchers to use different tools suitable for specific levels of brain study in neuroscience?

    <p>To match tools with the level of brain study</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do researchers aim to confirm or disconfirm through experiment findings?

    <p>The initial hypothesis they proposed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do evolutionary biologists and anthropologists play in cognitive science?

    <p>Speculating how the mind evolved</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What method unifies psychology as described in the text?

    <p>Experimental methods and models</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between deep structure and surface structure of a sentence?

    <p>Deep structure refers to how a sentence is built up from basic constituents, while surface structure refers to the actual organization of words.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to George Miller's research, what is the approximate limit of items that humans can process at the same time?

    <p>Seven items</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In dichotic listening experiments, what was participants' ability regarding irrelevant information played in the unattended ear?

    <p>Participants were able to filter out irrelevant information effectively.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Donald Broadbent's filter model of attention suggest about human perception?

    <p>Humans consciously focus attention on one source and ignore others based on relevance.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is chunking information, as mentioned in the text?

    <p>Combining individual elements into a larger whole based on patterns or familiarity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do people tend to consciously attend to information according to the filter model of attention?

    <p>By focusing on one source and ignoring other sources based on importance.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'The Magical Number Seven, Plus or Minus Two' by George Miller highlighted limitations in human perception related to:

    <p>Information processing capacity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In Edward Tolman's cognitive mapping experiments with rats, what concept was demonstrated when rats were allowed to run freely following training?

    <p>Latent learning</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'The Dichotic Listening Task' primarily involves participants:

    <p>Ignoring one message while repeating another.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes Karl Lashley's view on complex behaviors from behaviorism?

    <p>Planning and organization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary implication of Broadbent's flowchart model of selective attention?

    <p>Understanding how attention filters work can help explain cognitive processes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What key idea did Alan Turing contribute to the development of cognitive science?

    <p>Information processing as rule-based calculation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What key concept does the flowchart model propose about how humans process information?

    <p>Goal-directed selection of relevant information for conscious awareness.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was a significant change in studying the mind that occurred with the emergence of cognitive psychology in the 1950s?

    <p>New research on memory and linguistics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Noam Chomsky's transformational grammar primarily provide a way to analyze?

    <p>Ability to speak and understand language</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one key aspect of cognitive science that has evolved considerably since its inception?

    <p>Research on neural activity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the major change in the history of cognitive science that occurred in the 1970s and 1980s?

    <p>Emergence of new technologies for studying neural activity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Planning and Organization' in complex behaviors suggested by Karl Lashley contrasts with which viewpoint?

    <p>'Behaviorist' approach</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What concept did Alan Turing introduce that influenced cognitive science development?

    <p>Algorithmic information processing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what aspect did Noam Chomsky's transformational grammar provide a method to analyze?

    <p>Speaking and understanding language</p> Signup and view all the answers

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