Syntax Structures in Linguistics Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is represented by the y-axis in the spatial representation of cognitive science?

  • Temporal resolution
  • Tools employed in studying cognition (correct)
  • Levels of organization of cognition
  • Different cognitive domains

In Edward Tolman's cognitive mapping experiments with rats, what did the rats demonstrate when faced with a change in their starting place or blockades in their usual routes?

  • Consulting a map-like knowledge (correct)
  • Stimulus-response associations
  • Reinforcement learning
  • Latent learning

What did Karl Lashley suggest about complex behaviors in his paper from 1951?

  • Planning and organization (correct)
  • Serial processing
  • Bottom-up processes
  • Subconscious information processing

Which discipline involves the method of building and testing machines, according to the 'Summary of Disciplines and Methods' section?

<p>AI researchers (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the study of Cognitive Science include due to the typical research participants being WEIRD, according to the text?

<p>Anthropology and cultural differences (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a key change in the study of cognitive science that emerged in the 1970s and 1980s?

<p>New technologies for studying neural activity (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does deep structure of a sentence refer to?

<p>The underlying meaning of a sentence (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to George Miller's article, how many items can humans process at the same time?

<p>Around seven items (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did Donald Broadbent's filter model of attention propose?

<p>People consciously attend to one source of information and ignore others (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of the SQ3R technique for efficient reading?

<p>To engage deeply with the text while reading it (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of a correlational research design?

<p>Assessing the relationship between income and education level (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the dichotic listening task relate to Broadbent's filter model of attention?

<p>It demonstrates how people selectively filter out irrelevant information (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of cognitive science?

<p>To integrate perspectives on the mind and cognition from different disciplines (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of information processing bottleneck did George Miller propose?

<p>Selective attention bottleneck (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which academic field is most relevant to cognitive science according to the text?

<p>Philosophy (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In cognitive science, which aspect involves stored bodies of information?

<p><em>Sophisticated cognitive ability</em> (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What unifies psychology as mentioned in the text?

<p>A common set of experimental methods and models (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which academic field speculates about how the mind evolved?

<p>Evolutionary biology (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The ball has been hit by John is an example of what concept from language transformation?

<p><em>Surface structure</em> (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do philosophers in cognitive science primarily focus on?

<p>Detailed argument and analysis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what way do computer scientists contribute to cognitive science based on the text?

<p>By exploring how mental processes can be simulated in computers (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes psychology from other academic fields mentioned in the text?

<p>The use of a common set of experimental methods and models (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do evolutionary biologists contribute to cognitive science?

<p>By speculating about how the mind evolved (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of neuroscientists in studying cognition?

<p>Studying the mind's biological machinery (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes philosophical contributions to cognitive science?

<p>Detailed argument and analysis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of a within-subjects design in an experiment?

<p>To ensure each participant completes each condition in the experiment (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of variable is manipulated in an experiment?

<p>Independent variable (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of counterbalancing in a within-subjects experiment?

<p>To ensure the order of condition presentation does not bias results (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In an experiment, what do you call factors not considered and uncontrolled that may affect the results?

<p>Confounding variables (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which design involves separate participants completing each condition in an experiment?

<p>Between-subjects design (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does manipulating conditions within an experiment involve?

<p>Testing different levels of independent variables (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is it necessary to manipulate only one independent variable at a time in an experiment?

<p>To avoid confounding variables (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the importance of counterbalancing the order of presentation of conditions in an experiment?

<p>To ensure experimental validity (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

'Eating chocolate will facilitate performance on a memory test' is an example of a/an:

<p>Alternative hypothesis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does statistical analysis help researchers determine in an experiment?

<p>The impact of independent variables on the results (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of counterbalancing in a within-subjects experiment?

<p>To ensure that all participants experience the same conditions in the same order (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In cognitive experiments, what are confounding variables?

<p>Factors not considered and uncontrolled that may have affected the results (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which academic field in cognitive science primarily focuses on detailed argument and analysis?

<p>Philosophy (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes within-subjects design from between-subjects design in experiments?

<p>Whether each participant completes each condition or separate participants complete each condition (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What unites psychologists in their study of mental processes according to the text?

<p>Common set of experimental methods and models (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is it important to manipulate only one independent variable at a time in an experiment?

<p>To avoid confusion between different variables' effects (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes the contributions of computer scientists to cognitive science?

<p>Modeling mental processes in computers (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of experimental design is more suitable when recruiting a small number of participants?

<p>Within-subjects design (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is it important for researchers to use different tools suitable for specific levels of brain study in neuroscience?

<p>To match tools with the level of brain study (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do researchers aim to confirm or disconfirm through experiment findings?

<p>The initial hypothesis they proposed (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role do evolutionary biologists and anthropologists play in cognitive science?

<p>Speculating how the mind evolved (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What method unifies psychology as described in the text?

<p>Experimental methods and models (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between deep structure and surface structure of a sentence?

<p>Deep structure refers to how a sentence is built up from basic constituents, while surface structure refers to the actual organization of words. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to George Miller's research, what is the approximate limit of items that humans can process at the same time?

<p>Seven items (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In dichotic listening experiments, what was participants' ability regarding irrelevant information played in the unattended ear?

<p>Participants were able to filter out irrelevant information effectively. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does Donald Broadbent's filter model of attention suggest about human perception?

<p>Humans consciously focus attention on one source and ignore others based on relevance. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is chunking information, as mentioned in the text?

<p>Combining individual elements into a larger whole based on patterns or familiarity. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do people tend to consciously attend to information according to the filter model of attention?

<p>By focusing on one source and ignoring other sources based on importance. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

'The Magical Number Seven, Plus or Minus Two' by George Miller highlighted limitations in human perception related to:

<p>Information processing capacity (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In Edward Tolman's cognitive mapping experiments with rats, what concept was demonstrated when rats were allowed to run freely following training?

<p>Latent learning (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

'The Dichotic Listening Task' primarily involves participants:

<p>Ignoring one message while repeating another. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes Karl Lashley's view on complex behaviors from behaviorism?

<p>Planning and organization (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary implication of Broadbent's flowchart model of selective attention?

<p>Understanding how attention filters work can help explain cognitive processes. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What key idea did Alan Turing contribute to the development of cognitive science?

<p>Information processing as rule-based calculation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What key concept does the flowchart model propose about how humans process information?

<p>Goal-directed selection of relevant information for conscious awareness. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a significant change in studying the mind that occurred with the emergence of cognitive psychology in the 1950s?

<p>New research on memory and linguistics (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does Noam Chomsky's transformational grammar primarily provide a way to analyze?

<p>Ability to speak and understand language (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one key aspect of cognitive science that has evolved considerably since its inception?

<p>Research on neural activity (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the major change in the history of cognitive science that occurred in the 1970s and 1980s?

<p>Emergence of new technologies for studying neural activity (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

'Planning and Organization' in complex behaviors suggested by Karl Lashley contrasts with which viewpoint?

<p>'Behaviorist' approach (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What concept did Alan Turing introduce that influenced cognitive science development?

<p>Algorithmic information processing (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what aspect did Noam Chomsky's transformational grammar provide a method to analyze?

<p>Speaking and understanding language (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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