Synovial Joints: Nonaxial, Monoaxial, and Biaxial

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Questions and Answers

Which type of synovial joint allows for movement in only one plane?

  • Biaxial
  • Multiaxial
  • Nonaxial
  • Monoaxial (correct)

Which of the following joints is an example of a plane joint?

  • Radiocarpal joint
  • Elbow joint
  • Intercarpal joint (correct)
  • Shoulder joint

Which of the following is a characteristic of a ball-and-socket joint?

  • Features a flat articular surface
  • Permits biaxial angular movement
  • Allows the most free movement (correct)
  • Allows movement in one axis only

Which of the following joints is classified as a hinge joint?

<p>Elbow joint (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following joints is an example of a biaxial joint?

<p>Radiocarpal joint (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of joint is the 1st carpometacarpal joint?

<p>Saddle (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The proximal radioulnar joint is classified as what type of synovial joint?

<p>Pivot (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the best description of a condyloid joint?

<p>Allows biaxial angular movement (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes a saddle joint from a condyloid joint?

<p>A saddle joint allows more movement than condyloid joint. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following joints is most likely to be involved in movements like nodding 'yes'?

<p>Atlas/Axis joint (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The elbow joint is structured with a cylindrical projection fitting into a trough-shaped structure; what type of joint facilitates this?

<p>Hinge Joint (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of joint is defined by a flat articular surface that allows for gliding movements?

<p>Plane joint (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following characteristics is associated with joints that are classified as nonaxial?

<p>Gliding movement (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the structure of a ball-and-socket joint contribute to its function?

<p>It allows for movement in all directions. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of a multiaxial joint in the human body?

<p>Shoulder (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of movement is primarily associated with a hinge joint, such as the elbow?

<p>Flexion and Extension (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The intercarpal joints primarily facilitate which type of movement?

<p>Gliding (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What classification of synovial joint is the sacroiliac joint?

<p>Plane (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following joints permits movement around a single axis?

<p>Hinge joint (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which joint type provides the greatest range of motion?

<p>Ball-and-socket (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of joint is the ankle?

<p>Hinge (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following joints allows for movement in two planes?

<p>Radiocarpal joint (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What primary type of motion is facilitated by pivot joints?

<p>Rotation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Considering the function of the vertebrocostal joint and its classification, what movements are most likely facilitated?

<p>Limited gliding (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is true regarding synovial joints?

<p>All synovial joints allow for movement (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which structural feature primarily defines the movement capabilities of a hinge joint?

<p>A cylindrical projection fitting into a trough (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A patient presents with limited abduction and adduction in their wrist, but normal flexion and extension. Which joint is most likely affected?

<p>Radiocarpal joint (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the concave and convex arrangement in a saddle joint contribute to its enhanced range of motion compared to a condyloid joint?

<p>It allows for more axes of movement. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Consider a scenario where a person is performing a circumduction movement. Which of the following joints is least likely to be involved?

<p>Elbow joint (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the functional implication of the 'plane' characteristic in plane joints like the intercarpal and intertarsal joints?

<p>It primarily facilitates gliding or sliding movements. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If a patient is diagnosed with limited movement in their hip joint due to a condition affecting the joint’s structure, which characteristics of the joint are most likely compromised?

<p>The rounded head fitting into a cup-shaped cavity. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the classification of the 1st carpometacarpal joint as a saddle joint enhance the functionality of the human hand?

<p>By enabling opposition, which is crucial for grasping. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

An injury to which of the following joint types would most significantly impair a dancer’s ability to perform complex rotational movements of the torso?

<p>Pivot joint between the atlas and axis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If a novel pharmaceutical agent were developed to selectively enhance the range of motion in synovial joints by modifying their structural components, which specific aspect of ball-and-socket joints would be the MOST effective target to maximize its impact?

<p>Modifying the shape of the rounded head and cup cavity (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Given the mechanical properties of different synovial joints, predict the order of joint types from LEAST to MOST resistant to dislocation under high-stress conditions, assuming healthy joint structures.

<p>Ball-and-socket, condyloid, hinge, plane (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following adaptations would MOST likely be observed in the joints of an animal species that relies heavily on rapid, multi-directional movements for both predation and evasion?

<p>A higher proportion of ball-and-socket joints in both the axial and appendicular skeleton. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Plane Joint

A type of nonaxial joint that allows gliding movements on a flat articular surface.

Examples of Plane Joints

Examples of plane joints include the intercarpal, intertarsal, sacroiliac, vertebrocostal, acromioclavicular, and calviculosternal joints.

Hinge Joint

A type of monoaxial joint that allows angular movement in one plane, resembling a door hinge. It's made of cylindrical projections that fit into a trough-shaped structure.

Examples of Hinge Joints

Examples of hinge joints include the elbow, knee, ankle, and interphalangeal joints.

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Pivot Joint

A type of monoaxial joint that allows uniaxial rotation around a long axis.

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Examples of Pivot Joints

Examples of pivot joints include the atlas/axis joint and the proximal radioulnar joint.

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Condyloid (Ellipsoid) Joint

A type of biaxial joint that permits angular movement in two planes.

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Examples of Condyloid Joints

Examples of condyloid joints include the radiocarpal, metacarpophalangeal (2-5), and metatarsophalangeal joints.

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Saddle Joint

A type of biaxial joint that is concave in one direction and convex in another, allowing more movement than condyloid joints.

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Example of Saddle Joint

An example of a saddle joint is the first carpometacarpal joint.

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Ball-and-Socket Joint

A type of multiaxial joint where a rounded head fits into a cup-shaped cavity, allowing free movement in multiple axes.

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Examples of Ball-and-Socket Joints

Examples of ball-and-socket joints include the shoulder and hip joints.

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Multiaxial

Joints that allow movement in multiple (three) axes or planes..

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Biaxial

Joints that allow movement in two axes or planes.

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Monoaxial

Joints that allow movement in one axes or plane.

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Nonaxial

Joint that does not move around an axis.

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Study Notes

  • Synovial joints allow for various types of movement and are classified based on their axes of motion

Nonaxial Joints

  • Nonaxial joints, also known as gliding joints, allow for movement in a single plane.
  • They have a flat articular surface.
  • Examples include intercarpal, intertarsal, sacroiliac, vertebrocostal, acromioclavicular, and calviculosternal joints.

Monoaxial Joints

  • Monoaxial joints allow for angular movement in one axis.
  • Hinge joints are a type of monoaxial joint made of cylindrical projections fitting into a trough-shaped structure.
  • Examples of hinge joints include the elbow, knee, ankle, and interphalangeal joints.
  • Another type of monoaxial joint is the rotational or pivot joint which allows for uniaxial rotation around a long axis.
  • Examples of pivot joints include the atlas/axis joint and the proximal radioulnar joint.

Biaxial Joints

  • Biaxial joints permit angular movement in two axes.
  • Condyloid (ellipsoid) joints are a type of biaxial joint.
  • Examples include the radiocarpal joint, metacarpophalangeal joints (2-5), and metatarsophalangeal joints.
  • Saddle joints are another type of biaxial joint that are concave-convex.
  • Saddle joints allow for more movement than condyloid joints.
  • An example is the 1st carpometacarpal joint.

Multiaxial Joints

  • Multiaxial joints, also known as ball-and-socket joints, allow for movement in multiple axes.
  • The rounded head fits into a cup-shaped cavity.
  • Ball-and-socket joints are the most freely moving type of joint.
  • Examples include the shoulder and hip joints.

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