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Which phase of schizophrenia is characterized by the absence or no longer prominence of symptoms from the acute stage?
Which phase of schizophrenia is characterized by the absence or no longer prominence of symptoms from the acute stage?
During which phase of schizophrenia do acute episodes with prominent psychotic symptoms occur?
During which phase of schizophrenia do acute episodes with prominent psychotic symptoms occur?
What type of signs may be observed during the premorbid phase of schizophrenia?
What type of signs may be observed during the premorbid phase of schizophrenia?
Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a predisposing factor for schizophrenia?
Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a predisposing factor for schizophrenia?
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What does waxy flexibility in a client with schizophrenia refer to?
What does waxy flexibility in a client with schizophrenia refer to?
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Which cognitive symptom is characteristic of schizophrenia?
Which cognitive symptom is characteristic of schizophrenia?
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What is a common manifestation of posturing in individuals with schizophrenia?
What is a common manifestation of posturing in individuals with schizophrenia?
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Which nursing intervention is recommended for catatonic patients?
Which nursing intervention is recommended for catatonic patients?
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Which medication is NOT typically a first-line treatment for schizophrenia?
Which medication is NOT typically a first-line treatment for schizophrenia?
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Which disorder is characterized by sudden onset of psychotic symptoms lasting at least 1 day but less than 1 month?
Which disorder is characterized by sudden onset of psychotic symptoms lasting at least 1 day but less than 1 month?
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In which disorder are the symptoms of delusions, hallucinations, and disorganized speech present for at least 6 months?
In which disorder are the symptoms of delusions, hallucinations, and disorganized speech present for at least 6 months?
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Which disorder is directly attributable to substance intoxication or withdrawal or after exposure to a medication or toxin?
Which disorder is directly attributable to substance intoxication or withdrawal or after exposure to a medication or toxin?
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Which disorder has symptoms that are identical to schizophrenia but have a duration of at least 1 month but less than 6 months?
Which disorder has symptoms that are identical to schizophrenia but have a duration of at least 1 month but less than 6 months?
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Which disorder is manifested by signs and symptoms of schizophrenia, along with a strong element of symptomatology associated with the mood disorders?
Which disorder is manifested by signs and symptoms of schizophrenia, along with a strong element of symptomatology associated with the mood disorders?
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Which type of delusion involves the belief that cues in the environment are specifically referring to the individual?
Which type of delusion involves the belief that cues in the environment are specifically referring to the individual?
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What type of false belief involves the idea that the self, a part of the self, others, or the world is nonexistent?
What type of false belief involves the idea that the self, a part of the self, others, or the world is nonexistent?
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Which sensory perception without external stimuli involves false perceptions of taste?
Which sensory perception without external stimuli involves false perceptions of taste?
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What is characterized by persistently repeating the same word or idea in response to different questions?
What is characterized by persistently repeating the same word or idea in response to different questions?
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Which type of abnormal motor behavior can range from rigid postures to a complete lack of verbal response?
Which type of abnormal motor behavior can range from rigid postures to a complete lack of verbal response?
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Which symptom of schizophrenia is characterized by slow, rhythmic, backward-and-forward swaying of the trunk from the hips, usually while sitting?
Which symptom of schizophrenia is characterized by slow, rhythmic, backward-and-forward swaying of the trunk from the hips, usually while sitting?
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What is the term used to describe the retreat to an earlier level of development observed in clients with schizophrenia?
What is the term used to describe the retreat to an earlier level of development observed in clients with schizophrenia?
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Which of the following symptoms of schizophrenia is characterized by an inability to experience pleasure?
Which of the following symptoms of schizophrenia is characterized by an inability to experience pleasure?
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Which type of antipsychotic drugs are usually the first line of treatment for schizophrenia and are associated with an increased risk of metabolic symptoms?
Which type of antipsychotic drugs are usually the first line of treatment for schizophrenia and are associated with an increased risk of metabolic symptoms?
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What nursing intervention is essential for the safety promotion of catatonic patients in schizophrenia management?
What nursing intervention is essential for the safety promotion of catatonic patients in schizophrenia management?
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What is the term for the condition in schizophrenia where the emotional tone appears to be devoid of expression?
What is the term for the condition in schizophrenia where the emotional tone appears to be devoid of expression?
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Which antipsychotic drug is NOT typically considered a first-line treatment option for schizophrenia?
Which antipsychotic drug is NOT typically considered a first-line treatment option for schizophrenia?
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What is the term for the symptom of schizophrenia characterized by an indifference to or uninterest in the environment?
What is the term for the symptom of schizophrenia characterized by an indifference to or uninterest in the environment?
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Which negative symptom of schizophrenia is characterized by a deficiency in energy?
Which negative symptom of schizophrenia is characterized by a deficiency in energy?
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Which postural abnormality in schizophrenia involves voluntary assumption of inappropriate or bizarre postures?
Which postural abnormality in schizophrenia involves voluntary assumption of inappropriate or bizarre postures?
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What is the term used to describe a deficiency of energy in clients with schizophrenia?
What is the term used to describe a deficiency of energy in clients with schizophrenia?
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Which type of symptom in schizophrenia is characterized by a retreat to an earlier level of development?
Which type of symptom in schizophrenia is characterized by a retreat to an earlier level of development?
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Which term describes a symptom in schizophrenia where it manifest as difficulty maintaining focus on a stationary object?
Which term describes a symptom in schizophrenia where it manifest as difficulty maintaining focus on a stationary object?
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Which nursing intervention is crucial for the safety promotion of catatonic patients?
Which nursing intervention is crucial for the safety promotion of catatonic patients?
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Which antipsychotic drug is NOT typically considered a first-line treatment option for schizophrenia?
Which antipsychotic drug is NOT typically considered a first-line treatment option for schizophrenia?
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Which type of antipsychotic drugs carry an increased risk of extrapyramidal symptoms (EPS) but are not usually the first line of treatment for schizophrenia?
Which type of antipsychotic drugs carry an increased risk of extrapyramidal symptoms (EPS) but are not usually the first line of treatment for schizophrenia?
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What is the term for the inability to experience pleasure, often seen as a negative symptom in schizophrenia?
What is the term for the inability to experience pleasure, often seen as a negative symptom in schizophrenia?
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Study Notes
Predisposing Factors
- Biological factors include genetics, biochemical imbalances, viral infections, anatomical abnormalities, abnormal electrical activity in the brain, and other physical conditions.
- Psychological aspects involve poor parent-child relationships and childhood trauma.
- Environmental influences are sociocultural factors and stressful life events, including a connection between cannabis use and genetic vulnerability.
Phases of Schizophrenia
- Premorbid Phase: Characterized by distinctive personality traits or behaviors that occur before the onset of illness.
- Prodromal Phase: Marks a transitional period from normal functioning to the emergence of psychotic symptoms.
- Active Psychotic Phase: Features prominent psychotic symptoms and is marked by acute episodes of schizophrenia.
- Residual Phase: Follows an acute phase with symptoms that are either absent or diminished.
Schizophrenia Spectrum and Psychotic Disorders
- Schizophrenia: Diagnosis requires symptoms such as delusions, hallucinations, and disorganized speech lasting at least 6 months.
- Delusional Disorder: Defined by delusions persisting for at least 1 month without other significant symptoms.
- Brief Psychotic Disorder: Characterized by sudden onset of psychotic symptoms lasting from 1 day to less than 1 month.
- Substance-Induced Psychotic Disorder: Symptoms arise from substance use or withdrawal or exposure to toxins.
- Psychotic Disorder Due to Another Medical Condition: Hallucinations and delusions attributed to a medical condition.
- Catatonic Disorder: Involves significant motor disturbances, ranging from stupor to excessive motor activity.
- Schizophreniform Disorder: Symptoms resemble schizophrenia, but duration is 1 to 6 months.
- Schizoaffective Disorder: Shows signs of schizophrenia alongside mood disorder symptoms.
Symptoms of Schizophrenia
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Positive Symptoms: Include fixed false beliefs (delusions), sensory perceptions without their stimuli (hallucinations), disorganized thinking, and grossly disorganized behavior.
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Delusions:
- Persecutory: belief of being targeted for harm.
- Referential: ascribing personal significance to external cues.
- Grandiose: belief in having exceptional abilities.
- Somatic: beliefs related to body function.
- Bizarre: implausible ideas with no grounding in reality.
- Nihilistic: belief that self or the world does not exist.
- Erotomanic: belief that another person is in love with them.
- Jealous: belief that a partner is unfaithful.
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Hallucinations:
- Auditory: hearing voices or sounds.
- Visual: seeing things that are not present.
- Tactile: sensations perceived on or under the skin.
- Olfactory: false sense of smell.
- Gustatory: distorted tastes.
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Disorganized Thinking:
- Loose associations: wandering train of thought.
- Neologisms: meaningless made-up words.
- Clang associations: speech based on similar sounds.
- Word salad: nonsensical jumbling of words.
- Circumstantiality: excessive detail delaying message delivery.
- Tangentiality: off-topic responses and lost focus.
- Perseveration: repeated responses.
- Echolalia: repetition of others' words.
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Delusions:
Abnormal Motor Behavior
- Catatonia: Ranges from rigid posture to complete lack of response or excessive movement.
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Description
Learn about different types of delusions such as persecutory, referential, grandiose, somatic, and bizarre delusions. Understand how individuals with delusions of reference interpret events in the environment.
