Med Terms 2

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deep, rapid respiration characteristic of diabetic or other causes of acidosis  HALITOSIS - offensive odor of the breath.

KUSSMAUL’s breathing

offensive odor of the breath.

HALITOSIS

a characteristic “fruity” or acetone breath odor that occurs with a life-threatening condition of diabetic ketoacidosis

Acetone breath odor

also described as urine-like or "fishy" in people with chronic kidney failure.

Ammonia odor Signup and view all the answers

fabrication of information that often occurs during hypnosis, when the unconscious encounters a memory gap and fills it with incorrect information

Confabulation Signup and view all the answers

A rapid succession of thoughts manifested by continuous and constantly shifting verbalization or loosely linked play on words. The ideas are generally connected. Flight of ideas is a feature of manic mood disorders

Flight of ideas Signup and view all the answers

paleness, as of the skin or mucosae. Although it is commonly associated with anemia, many long-term cases show mucosae of normal color; pallor is also a common sign in shock.

Pallor Signup and view all the answers

a condition in which a person's skin and the whites of the eyes are discolored yellow due to an increased level of bile pigments in the blood resulting from liver disease

Jaundice Signup and view all the answers

redness of the skin caused by congestion of the capillaries in the lower layers of the skin. It occurs with any skin injury, infection, or inflammation.

Erythema Signup and view all the answers

bluish discoloration of the skin and mucous membranes

Cyanosis Signup and view all the answers

generalized, gray-brown discoloration of the skin

Hemochromatosis Signup and view all the answers

white patches in the skin surrounded by areas of normal pigmentation

Vitiligo Signup and view all the answers

generalized

Albinism Signup and view all the answers

spoon nail (concave nail)

Koilonychia Signup and view all the answers

if nails meet and angle of attachment is 180 degrees or greater

Clubbing of fingers Signup and view all the answers

separation of the nail from the nailbed

Onycholysis Signup and view all the answers

transverse ridges; may indicate serious illness causing nail growth to halt

Beau’s lines Signup and view all the answers

inflammation

Parenchyma Signup and view all the answers

flat nonpalpable lesion; < 1cm

Macule Signup and view all the answers

flat nonpalpable lesion; >1cm

Patch Signup and view all the answers

palpable, raised but superficial lesion < 1cm

Papule Signup and view all the answers

raised, superficial, temporary lesion

Wheal Signup and view all the answers

palpable, solid with depth in to dermis < 2cm; if it is fluid-filled & encapsulated it is referred as cyst

Nodule Signup and view all the answers

palpable, solid with depth in to dermis > 2cm

Tumor Signup and view all the answers

palpable, fluid-filled serous lesion <1cm

Vesicle Signup and view all the answers

palpable, fluid-filled serous lesion >1cm

Bullae Signup and view all the answers

palpable; pus-filled lesion

Pustule Signup and view all the answers

hives

Urticaria Signup and view all the answers

white nails

Leukonychia Signup and view all the answers

athlete’s foot; fungal skin diseases occurring in the foot

Tinea pedis Signup and view all the answers

ringworm, fungal skin disease occurring anywhere in the body

Tinea corporis Signup and view all the answers

thinning of hair growth

Alopecia Signup and view all the answers

excessive hair growth

Hirsutism Signup and view all the answers

the presence of lice on the scalp, seen especially in children, with nits attached to hairs

Pediculosis capitis Signup and view all the answers

Referring to a head of normal shape and of normal size for the person’s age.

Normocephalic Signup and view all the answers

Abnormal protrusion of the eyeball

Exophthalmos Signup and view all the answers

an abnormal condition in which cerebrospinal fluid collects in the ventricles of the brain

Hydrocephalus Signup and view all the answers

A chronic disease of adults marked by enlargement of the bones of the extremities, face, and jaw that is caused by overactivity of the pituitary gland

Acromegaly Signup and view all the answers

drooping of upper eyelid

Ptosis Signup and view all the answers

visible sclera between iris and eyelid; setting-sun eyes

Exophthalmos Signup and view all the answers

outward turning or sagging of lower eyelid that leaves the eye exposed & dry

Extropion Signup and view all the answers

inversion of the eyelid, so that the lashes rub against the globe of the eye

Entropion Signup and view all the answers

accumulation of fluid

Edema Signup and view all the answers

a whitish deposit in the shape of an arc that is sometimes seen in the cornea

Arcus senilis Signup and view all the answers

dilatation of the pupil of the eye

Mydriasis Signup and view all the answers

constriction of the pupil of the eye

Miosis Signup and view all the answers

PERRLA

Pupils Equally Round and Reactive to Light and Accommodation Signup and view all the answers

inability of both eyes to gaze at the same point in space

Strabismus Signup and view all the answers

oscillating, rapid involuntary rhythmic eye movement

Nystagmus Signup and view all the answers

disorder of the sebaceous gland causing increase in the sebaceous secretion

Seborrhea Signup and view all the answers

An abnormal mass of tissue arising from the conjunctiva of the inner corner of the eye that obstructs vision by growing over the cornea

Pterygium Signup and view all the answers

a slightly elevated elastic tissue deposit in the conjunctiva that may extend to the cornea but does not cover it

Pinguecula Signup and view all the answers

unequal pupils

Anisocoria Signup and view all the answers

ears greater than 10cm vertical height in adults

Macrotia Signup and view all the answers

ears less than 4cm vertical height in adults

Microtia Signup and view all the answers

diminished hearing acuity in older adults

Presbycusis Signup and view all the answers

elongated or rounded projections seen in the nasal cavity; usually benign

Nasal polyps Signup and view all the answers

inflammation of the sinuses usually following an upper respiratory infection

Sinusitis Signup and view all the answers

slight ingrowth of the lower nasal septum

Deviated nasal septum Signup and view all the answers

nosebleed

Epistaxis Signup and view all the answers

white patches seen in the mucous membrane in the mouth or tongue

Leukoplakia Signup and view all the answers

bony growths in hard palate

Exostoses Signup and view all the answers

inflammation of the lips, drying and cracking

Cheilisis Signup and view all the answers

fissures at the corners of the lips (vitamin B deficiency)

Cheilosis Signup and view all the answers

reddened, smooth painful tongue with or w/o ulcerations

Glossitis Signup and view all the answers

caused by inhibition of normal bacteria & overgrowth of fungus; usually associated with antibiotic use

Black hair tongue Signup and view all the answers

enlargement of gums frequently seen in pregnancy, leukemia or prolonged use of phenytoin (Dilantin)

Gingival/gum hyperplasia Signup and view all the answers

deviation of the neck to one side caused by spasmodic contraction of neck muscles

Torticollis Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Respiratory System

Deep, rapid respiration is characteristic of diabetic or other causes of acidosis
Fruity or acetone breath odor is a characteristic of diabetic ketoacidosis
Halitosis is an offensive odor of the breath
Urine-like or "fishy" breath odor is characteristic of chronic kidney failure

Skin and Hair

Pallor is paleness of the skin or mucosae, often associated with anemia
Jaundice is a condition in which the skin and whites of the eyes are discolored yellow due to liver disease
Erythema is redness of the skin caused by congestion of the capillaries in the lower layers of the skin
Cyanosis is bluish discoloration of the skin and mucous membranes
Arg mas is generalized, gray-brown discoloration of the skin
Vitiligo is characterized by white patches in the skin surrounded by areas of normal pigmentation
Koilonychia is a spoon-shaped nail
Onycholysis is separation of the nail from the nailbed
Beau's lines are transverse ridges on the nail

Lesions

Macule is a flat, non-palpable lesion, less than 1cm
Patch is a flat, non-palpable lesion, greater than 1cm
Papule is a palpable, raised, but superficial lesion, less than 1cm
Wheal is a raised, superficial, temporary lesion
Nodule is a palpable, solid lesion with depth into the dermis, less than 2cm
Cyst is a palpable, fluid-filled lesion, less than 1cm
Tumor is a palpable, solid lesion with depth into the dermis, greater than 2cm
Vesicle is a palpable, fluid-filled lesion, less than 1cm
Pustule is a palpable, pus-filled lesion
Hives are itchy, painful, or burning patches on the skin
White nails are seen in certain diseases, such as fungal infections
Athlete's foot is a fungal skin disease occurring in the foot
Ringworm is a fungal skin disease occurring anywhere in the body
Alopecia is thinning of hair growth
Hirsutism is excessive hair growth
Pediculosis is the presence of lice on the scalp, seen especially in children

Eyes and Face

Normocephaly is a head of normal shape and size for the person's age
Exophthalmos is abnormal protrusion of the eyeball
Hydrocephalus is an abnormal condition in which cerebrospinal fluid collects in the ventricles of the brain
Acromegaly is a chronic disease of adults marked by enlargement of the bones of the extremities, face, and jaw
Ptosis is drooping of the upper eyelid
Sclera show is visible sclera between iris and eyelid
Ectropion is outward turning or sagging of lower eyelid that leaves the eye exposed and dry
Entropion is inversion of the eyelid, so that the lashes rub against the globe of the eye
Chemosis is accumulation of fluid
Arcus senilis is a whitish deposit in the shape of an arc in the cornea
Mydriasis is dilatation of the pupil of the eye
Miosis is constriction of the pupil of the eye
PERRLA is equality of reaction to light and accommodation in both eyes
Strabismus is inability of both eyes to gaze at the same point in space
Nystagmus is oscillating, rapid, involuntary rhythmic eye movement
Meibomian cyst is a disorder of the sebaceous gland causing an increase in sebaceous secretion
Pterygium is an abnormal mass of tissue arising from the conjunctiva of the inner corner of the eye
Pinguecula is a slightly elevated elastic tissue deposit in the conjunctiva that may extend to the cornea but does not cover it
Anisocoria is unequal pupils

Ears, Nose, and Mouth

Macrotia is ears greater than 10cm vertical height in adults
Microtia is ears less than 4cm vertical height in adults
Presbyacusis is diminished hearing acuity in older adults
Nasal polyp is an elongated or rounded projection seen in the nasal cavity, usually benign
Sinusitis is inflammation of the sinuses, usually following an upper respiratory infection
Deviation of nasal septum is a slight ingrowth of the lower nasal septum
Epistaxis is nosebleed
Leukoplakia is white patches seen in the mucous membrane in the mouth or tongue
Torus palatinus is a bony growth in the hard palate
Cheilitis is inflammation of the lips, drying, and cracking
Angular cheilitis is fissures at the corners of the lips, often due to vitamin B deficiency
Glossitis is a reddened, smooth, painful tongue with or without ulcerations
Thrush is caused by inhibition of normal bacteria and overgrowth of fungus, usually associated with antibiotic use
Gingival hyperplasia is enlargement of the gums, frequently seen in pregnancy, leukemia, or prolonged use of phenytoin (Dilantin)
Torticollis is deviation of the neck to one side, caused by spasmodic contraction of neck muscles

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