Med Terms 2

Respiratory System

• Deep, rapid respiration is characteristic of diabetic or other causes of acidosis
• Fruity or acetone breath odor is a characteristic of diabetic ketoacidosis
• Halitosis is an offensive odor of the breath
• Urine-like or "fishy" breath odor is characteristic of chronic kidney failure

Skin and Hair

• Pallor is paleness of the skin or mucosae, often associated with anemia
• Jaundice is a condition in which the skin and whites of the eyes are discolored yellow due to liver disease
• Erythema is redness of the skin caused by congestion of the capillaries in the lower layers of the skin
• Cyanosis is bluish discoloration of the skin and mucous membranes
• Arg mas is generalized, gray-brown discoloration of the skin
• Vitiligo is characterized by white patches in the skin surrounded by areas of normal pigmentation
• Koilonychia is a spoon-shaped nail
• Onycholysis is separation of the nail from the nailbed
• Beau's lines are transverse ridges on the nail

Lesions

• Macule is a flat, non-palpable lesion, less than 1cm
• Patch is a flat, non-palpable lesion, greater than 1cm
• Papule is a palpable, raised, but superficial lesion, less than 1cm
• Wheal is a raised, superficial, temporary lesion
• Nodule is a palpable, solid lesion with depth into the dermis, less than 2cm
• Cyst is a palpable, fluid-filled lesion, less than 1cm
• Tumor is a palpable, solid lesion with depth into the dermis, greater than 2cm
• Vesicle is a palpable, fluid-filled lesion, less than 1cm
• Pustule is a palpable, pus-filled lesion
• Hives are itchy, painful, or burning patches on the skin
• White nails are seen in certain diseases, such as fungal infections
• Athlete's foot is a fungal skin disease occurring in the foot
• Ringworm is a fungal skin disease occurring anywhere in the body
• Alopecia is thinning of hair growth
• Hirsutism is excessive hair growth
• Pediculosis is the presence of lice on the scalp, seen especially in children

Eyes and Face

• Normocephaly is a head of normal shape and size for the person's age
• Exophthalmos is abnormal protrusion of the eyeball
• Hydrocephalus is an abnormal condition in which cerebrospinal fluid collects in the ventricles of the brain
• Acromegaly is a chronic disease of adults marked by enlargement of the bones of the extremities, face, and jaw
• Ptosis is drooping of the upper eyelid
• Sclera show is visible sclera between iris and eyelid
• Ectropion is outward turning or sagging of lower eyelid that leaves the eye exposed and dry
• Entropion is inversion of the eyelid, so that the lashes rub against the globe of the eye
• Chemosis is accumulation of fluid
• Arcus senilis is a whitish deposit in the shape of an arc in the cornea
• Mydriasis is dilatation of the pupil of the eye
• Miosis is constriction of the pupil of the eye
• PERRLA is equality of reaction to light and accommodation in both eyes
• Strabismus is inability of both eyes to gaze at the same point in space
• Nystagmus is oscillating, rapid, involuntary rhythmic eye movement
• Meibomian cyst is a disorder of the sebaceous gland causing an increase in sebaceous secretion
• Pterygium is an abnormal mass of tissue arising from the conjunctiva of the inner corner of the eye
• Pinguecula is a slightly elevated elastic tissue deposit in the conjunctiva that may extend to the cornea but does not cover it
• Anisocoria is unequal pupils

Ears, Nose, and Mouth

• Macrotia is ears greater than 10cm vertical height in adults
• Microtia is ears less than 4cm vertical height in adults
• Presbyacusis is diminished hearing acuity in older adults
• Nasal polyp is an elongated or rounded projection seen in the nasal cavity, usually benign
• Sinusitis is inflammation of the sinuses, usually following an upper respiratory infection
• Deviation of nasal septum is a slight ingrowth of the lower nasal septum
• Epistaxis is nosebleed
• Leukoplakia is white patches seen in the mucous membrane in the mouth or tongue
• Torus palatinus is a bony growth in the hard palate
• Cheilitis is inflammation of the lips, drying, and cracking
• Angular cheilitis is fissures at the corners of the lips, often due to vitamin B deficiency
• Glossitis is a reddened, smooth, painful tongue with or without ulcerations
• Thrush is caused by inhibition of normal bacteria and overgrowth of fungus, usually associated with antibiotic use
• Gingival hyperplasia is enlargement of the gums, frequently seen in pregnancy, leukemia, or prolonged use of phenytoin (Dilantin)
• Torticollis is deviation of the neck to one side, caused by spasmodic contraction of neck muscles