Questions and Answers
What is the primary focus of symbolic interaction theory?
According to symbolic interaction theory, what is the basis of our understanding of the world?
Who is credited with founding symbolic interaction theory?
What is the title of the book that outlines the core concepts of symbolic interactionism?
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What is the term coined by Herbert Blumer to describe the theory?
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What do symbolic interactionists believe is socially constructed?
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What is the focus of phenomenology and ethnomethodology, two micro perspectives in sociology?
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What do symbolic interactionists believe is the primary way people make sense of their social worlds?
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What is the primary outcome of two individuals from different lifeworlds coming together in marriage?
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How do conversations between spouses contribute to their new social reality?
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What is the ultimate outcome of the marital reality emerging from the combination of two lifeworlds?
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What is the role of interactions with others outside of the marriage in the formation of the marital reality?
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What is the primary social context for individuals in a marriage?
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What is the central idea of symbolic interactionism?
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Which social theorist emphasized the importance of social action in understanding society?
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What is the main criticism of symbolic interactionism according to Redmond's study?
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Who developed phenomenology as a philosophical approach?
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What is the primary goal of social phenomenology?
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Who applied phenomenology to the study of social worlds?
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What is the main focus of phenomenologists in understanding social interaction?
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Which sociologists examined the social construction of marital reality using social phenomenology?
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What do phenomenologists view as fundamental to one another?
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What is the central task in social phenomenology?
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Study Notes
Micro Perspectives in Sociology
- This lecture covers two perspectives: phenomenology and ethnomethodology.
- Symbolic interaction theory, also known as symbolic interaction perspective, focuses on how humans assign meanings to experiences in life through symbols and language.
Symbolic Interaction Theory
- Seeks to understand humans' relationships with society by focusing on symbols that give meaning to experiences.
- Considers society as a product of everyday human interactions.
- People make sense of their social worlds through communication and social interaction.
- The meaning we ascribe to the world around us depends on our interactions with people, ideas, and events.
- Our understanding of the world is based on what we learn from interactions with others, rather than objective truth.
George Herbert Mead and Symbolic Interactionism
- Mead is considered the founder of symbolic interaction theory.
- His students published a book titled "Mind, Self, and Society" which outlines the core concept of social interactionism.
- Herbert Blumer, a follower of Mead, invented the term symbolic interactionism and identified three premises:
- Humans act toward people or things based on the meanings they assign.
- Meanings arise from social interactions with one another.
- Humans adjust meanings by internally interpreting their interactions with the world.
Max Weber's Symbolic Interactionism
- Max Weber's social action theory greatly influenced George Herbert Mead's symbolic interactionism.
- Weber believes society is a product of human activity and argues that social action should be the focus of study.
- Social action is an act carried out by a person after careful thought.
- There are two ways of understanding social actions: direct observational understanding and understanding the motive behind an action.
Criticism of Symbolic Interactionism
- Redmond's study identified criticisms of symbolic interactionism, including:
- Failing to address macro-level issues, such as politics and history, in social structure.
- Missing micro-level issues, such as emotions.
- Lack of clarity of concept makes it difficult for social scientists to apply the perspective.
Phenomenology
- Aims to reveal the role of human awareness in producing social action, social situations, and social worlds.
- Society is a human construction.
- Developed by Edmund Husserl in the early 1900s to locate the sources or essences of reality in human consciousness.
- Entered the field of sociology in the 1960s through Alfred Schutz, who applied phenomenological philosophy to the study of the social world.
Social Phenomenology
- Seeks to explain the reciprocal interactions that take place during human action, situational structuring, and reality construction.
- Views all dimensions as fundamental to each other, rather than causal.
- Application of social phenomenology includes:
- Peter Berger and Hansfried Kellner's examination of the social construction of marital reality in 1964.
- Marriage brings together two individuals, each from different lifeworlds, and creates a new social reality through conversations and interactions.
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Description
This quiz is based on the symbolic interactionism theory, which explains how humans assign meanings to people and things through social interactions. It covers the ideas of Herbert Blumer and Max Weber.
