24 Questions
What are the clinical signs of swine influenza in pigs?
Depression, mucous nasal discharge, and sneezing
How is influenza primarily diagnosed in pigs?
By PCR or virus isolation
What role do pigs play in the overall epidemiology of influenza?
They contribute to the emergence of zoonotic strains with pandemic potential
What is the relationship between swine strains of IAV and human infections?
Human seasonal influenza viruses can establish in pigs
What is the main antigenic protein responsible for viral attachment to cells and release of virions from infected cells?
Hemagglutinin
Which family does the swine IAV belong to?
Orthomyxoviridae
What is the primary factor that predisposes pigs to IAV infections?
Mixing of carrier or subclinically infected animals and susceptible pigs
During which seasons are outbreaks of IAV in swine most common in North America?
"Fall or winter
What is an important factor contributing to the endemic and widespread nature of IAV in pigs worldwide?
"Ongoing recruitment of susceptible hosts
What is the primary mechanism for the spread of IAV within a herd?
"Movement of pigs between crates or pens
What is the primary reservoir of influenza infection capable of spreading IAV to other farms after weaning?
"Herd's piglets prior to weaning
What is the common factor associated with the introduction of IAV into previously uninfected herds and countries?
Carrier pigs
What leads to recurrence of outbreaks of infection in antibody-positive herds?
As immunity wanes
How does the spectrum of IAV infection typically range?
From subclinical to acute
What causes bronchial epithelium necrosis and focal atelectasis in the classic acute form of IAV infection?
Hemagglutinin and neuraminidase proteins
What is the main method for diagnosing influenza A virus (IAV) in nonvaccinated animals?
Virus isolation from nasal and oral secretions
What is the main economic loss in many pig herds during an IAV outbreak?
Stunting and delay in reaching market weight
What are the main signs of a classic acute outbreak of IAV in pigs?
Nasal and ocular mucous discharge
What is the primary method for diagnosing IAV?
Direct viral isolation
What are the characteristics of the lung lesions seen in uncomplicated IAV infections?
Clearly demarcated, collapsed, and purplish red areas with mucopurulent exudate
What is the primary cause of losses in reproduction associated with IAV outbreaks?
High fever response
What method may be needed to select epidemiologically relevant strains of IAV for evaluating virus-specific antibodies or custom vaccine production?
Sequencing and characterization of viral isolates
What is the most common vaccination protocol used for prevention of IAV in pig herds?
"Sow vaccination" prefarrowing
What is a characteristic feature of the thoracic cavity in uncomplicated IAV infections?
"Purplish red" affected areas
Test your knowledge of swine influenza, a highly contagious respiratory disease caused by influenza A virus. Learn about the symptoms, diagnosis methods, and control measures including vaccination and antimicrobial treatment.
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