Swine Health Quiz on Atrophic Rhinitis

<p>Nutritional deficiencies like lack of iron (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Endotoxin is a component of the bacterial cell wall that can cause inflammation and immune response. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Direct contact with infected animals (B), Transmission through the air (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is readily transmitted by insects (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Chronic, persistent coughing (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Carrier pigs (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sneezing (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Exposure to high levels of dust (A), Stressful environmental conditions (B), All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Improved husbandry practices (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Gram-negative, encapsulated coccobacillary rod (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Immune cells, such as pulmonary intravascular macrophages (PIMs) and pulmonary alveolar macrophages (PAMs) (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Up to 200 days (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Fetal death or persistent infection in the offspring (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Respiratory distress (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Monitoring and managing boar studs (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They decrease 4-8 months after infection (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Diarrhea (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Through direct contact with nasal secretions (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They contribute to the development of pneumonia and tissue damage. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The effectiveness of the weaning protocol in preventing transmission of the bacteria (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Introducing new breeding stock only from farms with a known history of freedom from the disease (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The ability of the bacteria to produce toxins that damage endothelial cells and macrophages (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>This makes it easier to control the spread of the disease through biosecurity measures. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The quick onset of the disease and the severity of the clinical signs (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The immune system is unable to completely clear the infection in some cases. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To eliminate the source of infection and allow thorough cleaning and disinfection (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>4-10 weeks (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Increased muscle tremors in piglets (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>PCR with sequencing (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cyclical outbreaks of PRRS (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Free movement of pigs between litters (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Infection with a virulent PRRS strain (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Nonsuppurative interstitial pneumonia (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Strains of PRRS that are genetically distinct from each other (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Serology (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It can help reduce the severity of infection and clinical signs (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A pneumonia pattern associated with viral causes.

A pneumonia pattern typically linked to bacterial infections.

A respiratory disease in pigs marked by nasal atrophy and distortion.

A bacteria often part of the normal nasal flora that can cause atrophic rhinitis.

Bacteria associated with atrophic rhinitis and can also be normal flora.

Signs include sneezing, snorting, and nasal discharge.

Includes improving husbandry, vaccination, and medication.

An enzootic disease affecting pigs, part of PRDC.

Spread primarily through nose-to-nose contact or aerosols.

Well-demarcated cranio-ventral lung consolidation.

Includes vaccination and herd elimination programs.

A hemolytic Gram- bacterium specific to swine.

Toxins produced by bacteria that can be cytotoxic or hemolytic, important for immunity.

Spread through nasal secretions, aerosols, and contaminated surfaces, but not long-lasting in the environment.

Symptoms include sudden death, prostration, high fever, and respiratory distress.

Involves hemolysins attacking lung cells, leading to inflammation, thrombosis, and shock.

Identified by acute outbreaks, dark lung infarcts, and isolation via culture or PCR.

Primarily in the respiratory tract, including necro-hemorrhagic areas and fibrous adhesions.

Include quarantining new pigs, vaccination, and thorough cleaning to prevent outbreaks.

Survivor pigs that can still spread the bacteria without showing signs of illness.

A viral disease in pigs caused by an enveloped RNA arterivirus, notable for genome variability.

Variation in genetic makeup among different viral isolates which hinders disease control.

PRRS virus can persist long-term in carrier pigs, often shedding for over 200 days but most stop by 60 days post-infection.

The PRRS virus can be inactivated by chemicals like phenol and formaldehyde.

The virus has a preference for replicating in pulmonary intravascular and alveolar macrophages.

PRRS virus is highly infectious (10 virions can cause disease) but spreads poorly between animals.

Common clinical signs include anorexia, fever, lethargy, and respiratory distress, often with subclinical cases being unnoticed.

PRRS virus can spread rapidly through infected semen, making boar studs critical control points.

Primary replication occurs in lymphoid tissues, leading to persistent viremia and lung function compromise.

Bluish discoloration of the ears, abdomen and vulva due to low oxygen.

Respiratory disease marked by decreased live births and stillborns in pigs.

High death rate in piglets before weaning, often due to PRRS.

Difficulty breathing in young pigs, often seen as 'thumping'.

Lung and lymph node lesions range from mild to severe in PRRS.

Include virus isolation, PCR, and serology to detect and analyze PRRS.

Approaches to control PRRS include vaccination and depopulation.

Undeveloped piglets retained in the uterus due to PRRS infection.

Concurrent infections worsen symptoms and outcomes in pigs with PRRS.

PRRS severity peaks at 4-10 weeks of age in growing pigs.