Questions and Answers
Eccrine glands are primarily responsible for the secretion of ______ and thermoregulation.
sweat
The Apocrine glands are associated with hair follicles in the axillae, perineum, and ______ of the breasts.
areolae
Subcutaneous tissue serves as a cushion to protect bones and internal ______.
organs
The hair follicle develops within a sheath of ______ cells.
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Vellus hair is often referred to as ______ due to its fine and short characteristics.
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Terminal hair is longer, generally darker, and coarser than ______ hair.
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The interaction of sweat with skin ______ produces a characteristic body odor.
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Hair color is determined by the type and amount of ______ production.
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Freckles or changes in primary ______ may be scattered over the skin.
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Vascular lesions are reddish-bluish skin lesions seen with bleeding, venous pressure, aging, ______, or pregnancy.
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Cancerous lesions can be either primary or secondary lesions and are classified as squamous cell carcinoma, basal cell carcinoma, or ______.
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Palpate skin to assess ______.
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Rough, flaky, dry skin is seen in ______.
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Skin is normally thin but calluses are common on areas of the body that are exposed to constant ______.
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Palpate to assess ______.
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Increased moisture or ______ is assessed in the skin.
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Decreased moisture occurs with ______ or hypothyroidism.
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Clammy skin is typical in ______ or hypotension.
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Skin is normally a warm ______ temperature.
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Mobility refers to how easily the skin is ______.
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Turgor refers to the skin’s elasticity and how quickly the skin returns to its ______ shape after being pinched.
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Indentations on the skin may vary from slight to great and may be in one area or all over the body due to ______ (swelling related to accumulation of fluid in the tissue).
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Natural hair color, as opposed to chemically ______, varies among clients.
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Nutritional deficiencies may cause ______ gray hair in some clients.
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Spoon nails may be present with iron deficiency ______.
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Thickened nails may be caused by decreased ______ and are also seen in onychomycosis.
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Nail plate detachment from the nail ______ is seen in infections or trauma.
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Test capillary refill in nail beds by pressing the nail tip to blanched ______.
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Skin Type II usually burns, sometimes ______.
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Health management readiness includes topics related to skin care practices and ______ of overexposure to sun.
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Risk for Impaired Skin Integrity is related to excessive exposure to cleaning solutions and ______.
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Skin Type I always burns but never ______.
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Risk for Impaired Skin Integrity related to prolonged ______ exposure
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Risk for Imbalanced Body Temperature related to ______ skin.
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Risk for Impaired Nail Integrity related to prolonged use of ______ nails.
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Risk for Infection related to scratching of a ______.
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Disturbed Body Image related to scarring, rash, or other skin conditions that alter skin ______.
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Deficient Fluid Volume related to excessive ______ secondary to excessive exercise.
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Risk for Impaired Skin Integrity related to poor ______ intake.
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Risk for Imbalanced Nutrition: less than body requirements related to increased ______ and protein requirements.
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Study Notes
Sweat Glands
- Two types: eccrine and apocrine glands.
- Eccrine glands found throughout skin; primarily involved in sweat secretion and thermoregulation via evaporation.
- Apocrine glands associated with hair follicles, located in axillae, perineum, and areolae; non-functional until puberty.
- Sweat interacts with skin bacteria, contributing to body odor.
- Apocrine secretions in females are linked to the menstrual cycle.
Subcutaneous Tissue
- Located beneath the dermis, consists of loose connective tissue with fat cells, blood vessels, nerves, and portions of sweat glands and hair follicles.
- Stores fats as energy reserves, provides insulation, cushions bones and organs.
- Contains vascular pathways for nutrient supply and waste removal.
Hair
- Made up of keratinized cells; absent on lips, nipples, soles of feet, palms, labia minora, and penis.
- Develops within hair follicles; growth occurs at the base, nourished by dermal blood vessels.
- Types of hair: vellus (fine, short, such as peach fuzz) and terminal (longer, darker, coarser; develops during puberty).
- Hair color is determined by melanin and pheomelanin production.
Skin Assessment Techniques
- Palpation: Assess texture, thickness, moisture, temperature, mobility, turgor, and edema of the skin.
- Normal skin texture is smooth; rough skin can indicate hypothyroidism.
- Assess moisture levels, noting diaphoresis can occur due to fever or hyperthyroidism; dryness may indicate dehydration.
- Skin temperature is usually warm; coldness may suggest shock or arterial disease.
- Mobility refers to skin elasticity; decreased mobility can signal edema.
- Edema checks involve pressing on areas to see if skin rebounds quickly.
Scalp and Hair Inspection
- Inspect natural hair color and overall condition; note any nutritional deficiencies affecting hair.
- Palpate nails to assess texture, consistency, and attachment to the nail bed; check for signs of infection or conditions like onychomycosis.
- Test capillary refill by pressing nail tips to assess vascular health and possible hypoxia.
Skin Types and Reactions to UVR
- Type I: Always burns, never tans (pale skin, red hair).
- Type II: Usually burns, sometimes tans (fair skin).
- Type III: May burn, usually tans (darker skin).
- Type IV: Rarely burns, always tans (Mediterranean).
- Type V: Moderate pigmentation (Latin American, Middle Eastern).
- Type VI: Marked pigmentation (Black).
Health Promotion and Risk Diagnoses
- Enhance skin, hair, and nail integrity through proper hygiene and sun exposure avoidance.
- Risks include impaired skin integrity from cleaning solutions, sun exposure, immobility, thickened toenails, and potential infections from body piercings or tattoos.
- Actual diagnoses include ineffective health maintenance, impaired skin integrity, disturbed body image, and deficient fluid volume due to excessive sweating.
Common Skin Abnormalities
- Freckles, vitiligo, striae (stretch marks), seborrheic keratosis, scars, moles, cutaneous tags, cutaneous horns, and cherry angiomas.
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Description
This quiz covers essential information regarding sweat glands, including the differences between eccrine and apocrine glands. It highlights their locations, functions in thermoregulation, and secretion mechanisms. Test your knowledge on the physiology of human skin!
