SWE202 Week 2: Introduction to Object-Oriented Analysis and Design
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary purpose of a model according to the text?

  • To simplify our perception of reality (correct)
  • To communicate our understanding of a problem
  • To create an exact replica of reality
  • To accurately reflect reality

    • What is an object in the context of object-orientation?

  • A theoretical concept used to describe a system
  • Anything to which a concept applies, in our awareness (correct)
  • A real-world problem that needs to be solved
  • Anything that exists in the physical world

    • What is the main difference between validation and verification according to the text?

  • Verification is about reality, validation is about perception
  • Validation is about communication, verification is about understanding
  • Verification is about communication, validation is about understanding
  • Validation is about reality, verification is about perception (correct)

    • What is the purpose of a model in understanding a software system?

    <p>To understand why a software system is needed, what it should do, and how it should do it (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of using object-orientation?

    <p>To communicate our understanding of a problem and its solution (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between a model and reality according to the text?

    <p>A model is a simplification of our perception of reality (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of detecting misunderstandings and miscommunications?

    <p>To resolve conflicts between different perceptions (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the key benefit of using models in software development?

    <p>To understand a problem and its solution (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of classification in object-orientation?

    <p>To group common objects into a class (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between a subclass and a superclass?

    <p>A subclass is a refinement of a superclass (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of inheritance in object-orientation?

    <p>Automatic duplication of superclass attributes and behavior (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is specialization in object-orientation?

    <p>The act of defining one class as a refinement of another (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a class serving as a base for inheritance?

    <p>Superclass (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process of creating an instance of a class called?

    <p>Instantiation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main reason behind the 'software crises' in software development?

    <p>Communication difficulties and the management of complexity (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main idea behind the Whorfian Hypothesis?

    <p>Language habits shape our understanding of the real world (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main goal of building a city with a tower that reaches up to heaven in the story of the Tower of Babel?

    <p>To become famous (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of abstraction in object-orientation?

    <p>Highlighting the essential features (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of encapsulation in object-orientation?

    <p>To hide internal implementation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between language and concept formation according to the text?

    <p>Language influences concept formation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an instance of a collective concept in object-orientation?

    <p>An object (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main problem that object-oriented analysis and design aims to solve?

    <p>Communication difficulties and the management of complexity (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of the story of the Tower of Babel in the context of software development?

    <p>It illustrates the importance of communication in software development (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a collection of objects that share common properties, attributes, behavior, and semantics?

    <p>Class (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does an object encapsulate, according to the concept of encapsulation?

    <p>Property, behavior, and state (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main idea behind the object-oriented approach to software development?

    <p>To organize software development into concepts and languages (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of attributes in a class, such as 'Model' and 'Location' in the 'Car' class?

    <p>To define properties (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between human growth and concept formation according to the text?

    <p>Human growth and concept formation are interrelated (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for concealing internal implementation details in object-orientation?

    <p>Encapsulation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the concept that relates to the idea of 'forall x [Car(x) -> …]'?

    <p>Generalization (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At what stage of human growth do individuals form more complex concepts, such as 'blue sky'?

    <p>Very young age (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of concepts in human understanding?

    <p>To bring order and meaning into the world (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the given example, what did Harry construct to understand and communicate his concepts?

    <p>A concept diagram (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of studying concept formation?

    <p>To improve human perception and understanding (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do the concepts 'blue' and 'sky' represent in the context of human growth and concept formation?

    <p>Individual concepts that are related to form a more complex concept (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the implication of the hypothesis that humans possess an innate capacity for perception?

    <p>Humans have a natural ability to perceive and understand the world (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of the concept diagram constructed by Harry?

    <p>It is a tool for communicating meaning and understanding (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason for using object-oriented language in concept formation?

    <p>To facilitate communication and meaning-making (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Object-Oriented Analysis and Design (OOAD)

    • The "software crisis" in the 1960s and 1970s was caused by communication difficulties and the management of complexity.

    Why Object-Oriented?

    • The Whorfian Hypothesis states that language shapes our perception of reality and influences how we think and communicate.
    • Concepts are needed to bring order and structure to our understanding of the world.
    • Concept formation is a process of going from chaos to order, and it's an innate human capacity.

    Human Growth and Concept Formation

    • Infants perceive the world as a "buzzing confusion" and as they grow, they start to form individual concepts (e.g., "blue" and "sky").
    • As children get older, their concepts become more complex and nuanced (e.g., "blue sky" only on cloudless days).
    • This process of concept formation is essential for understanding and communicating meaning.

    Conceptual Modeling

    • A concept diagram is a way to represent complex concepts and relationships, and it's essential for understanding and communicating meaning.
    • An example of a concept diagram is a first-grade student's diagram of concepts like "water", "salt water", "oceans", and "penguins".

    Why Object-Oriented?

    • A model is a simplification of our perception of reality, and it's essential for understanding and communicating complex ideas.
    • Models are abstractions of reality, and they help us detect commonalities and differences in our perceptions of reality.

    What is Object-Orientation?

    • An "object" is anything to which a concept applies, and it can be a thing from the problem domain or solution space.
    • An object has identity, properties, and behavior, and it's an instance of a collective concept (a class).

    Abstraction and Encapsulation

    • Abstraction involves focusing on the essential features of an object and omitting unnecessary details.
    • Encapsulation is the process of hiding internal details of an object and only exposing its essential features.

    What is Object-Orientation?

    • A class is a collection of objects that share common properties, attributes, behavior, and semantics.
    • Instantiation is the act of creating an instance of a class.

    Class and Inheritance

    • Specialization is the process of defining one class as a refinement of another.
    • Subclass is a class defined in terms of a specialization of a superclass using inheritance.
    • Superclass is a class serving as a base for inheritance in a class hierarchy.

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    Week1a - SWE202.pdf

    Description

    This quiz covers the basics of object-oriented analysis and design, including the reasons behind it and how it's done. It's part of the software construction course.

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