SWE202 Software Construction: Introduction to OOAD
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Questions and Answers

What is one of the major problems in software development mentioned in the text?

  • Financial constraints
  • Technical difficulties
  • Communication difficulties and management of complexity (correct)
  • Lack of skilled personnel

    • What is the Whorfian Hypothesis related to?

  • Object-oriented analysis and design
  • Software construction and development
  • Language and its influence on human perception (correct)
  • Human growth and concept formation

    • What is the story of the Tower of Babel related to in the context of the text?

  • The need for a common language in software development
  • The role of human growth in concept formation
  • The importance of object-oriented analysis and design
  • The problem of communication difficulties in software development (correct)

    • What is the main reason why object-oriented approach is preferred?

    <p>Because it helps to alleviate difficulties with communication and complexity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who wrote about the 'software crisis'?

    <p>Budd</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main theme of the text?

    <p>Object-oriented analysis and design</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the consequence of the different languages in the story of the Tower of Babel?

    <p>They were unable to understand each other</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is CONCEPT in the context of the text?

    <p>A way of organizing and expressing ideas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process of creating an instance of a class called?

    <p>Instantiation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a class that is defined in terms of a specialization of another class?

    <p>Subclass</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the automatic duplication of attribute and behavior definitions from a superclass to a subclass?

    <p>Inheritance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a class that serves as a base for inheritance in a class hierarchy?

    <p>Superclass</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process of grouping common objects into a class called?

    <p>Classification</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for defining one class as a refinement of another class?

    <p>Specialization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a model according to the given information?

    <p>A simplification of our perception of reality</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of a model in software development?

    <p>To communicate our understanding of the problem and its solution</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an 'object' in object-orientation?

    <p>A concept that applies to anything in our awareness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is validation and verification important in modeling?

    <p>To detect misunderstandings and miscommunications</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does a model help us understand in software development?

    <p>Why a software system is needed, what it should do, and how it should do it</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between a model and reality?

    <p>A model is our simplification of our perception of reality</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main goal of communication in modeling?

    <p>To communicate our understanding of the problem and its solution</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of detecting commonalities and differences in perceptions of reality?

    <p>To detect misunderstandings and miscommunications</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common characteristic of abstraction?

    <p>Omit tremendous amount of details</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the idea of objects hiding their internal details?

    <p>Encapsulation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does a class represent in object-orientation?

    <p>A collection of objects that share common properties</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of abstraction in object-orientation?

    <p>To focus on the essential features</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the relationship between a class and its instances?

    <p>Instantiation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'attributes' refer to in object-orientation?

    <p>Properties of an object</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of encapsulation in object-orientation?

    <p>To hide internal details</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'operations' refer to in object-orientation?

    <p>Methods invoked by messages</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of concept formation according to the text?

    <p>To bring order into chaos</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of Harry's concept diagram?

    <p>It represents his mental image of the world</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the author's hypothesis about human perception?

    <p>Humans possess an innate capacity for perception</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between concepts and objects according to the text?

    <p>Concepts are needed to bring order to objects</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the consequence of increased meaning, precision, and subtlety in concept formation?

    <p>More complex and nuanced understanding of the world</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can be inferred about the sky's color from the text?

    <p>The sky is blue only on cloudless days</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of object-oriented concepts in the context of the text?

    <p>To understand and communicate meaning</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can be inferred about the role of language in creating concept diagrams?

    <p>A specific language is required to create concept diagrams</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Object-Oriented Analysis and Design (OOAD)

    • The "software crisis" in the 1960s and 1970s was caused by communication difficulties and the management of complexity.

    Why Object-Oriented?

    • The Whorfian Hypothesis states that language shapes our perception of reality and influences how we think and communicate.
    • Concepts are needed to bring order and structure to our understanding of the world.
    • Concept formation is a process of going from chaos to order, and it's an innate human capacity.

    Human Growth and Concept Formation

    • Infants perceive the world as a "buzzing confusion" and as they grow, they start to form individual concepts (e.g., "blue" and "sky").
    • As children get older, their concepts become more complex and nuanced (e.g., "blue sky" only on cloudless days).
    • This process of concept formation is essential for understanding and communicating meaning.

    Conceptual Modeling

    • A concept diagram is a way to represent complex concepts and relationships, and it's essential for understanding and communicating meaning.
    • An example of a concept diagram is a first-grade student's diagram of concepts like "water", "salt water", "oceans", and "penguins".

    Why Object-Oriented?

    • A model is a simplification of our perception of reality, and it's essential for understanding and communicating complex ideas.
    • Models are abstractions of reality, and they help us detect commonalities and differences in our perceptions of reality.

    What is Object-Orientation?

    • An "object" is anything to which a concept applies, and it can be a thing from the problem domain or solution space.
    • An object has identity, properties, and behavior, and it's an instance of a collective concept (a class).

    Abstraction and Encapsulation

    • Abstraction involves focusing on the essential features of an object and omitting unnecessary details.
    • Encapsulation is the process of hiding internal details of an object and only exposing its essential features.

    What is Object-Orientation?

    • A class is a collection of objects that share common properties, attributes, behavior, and semantics.
    • Instantiation is the act of creating an instance of a class.

    Class and Inheritance

    • Specialization is the process of defining one class as a refinement of another.
    • Subclass is a class defined in terms of a specialization of a superclass using inheritance.
    • Superclass is a class serving as a base for inheritance in a class hierarchy.

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    Week1a - SWE202.pdf

    Description

    Learn about object-oriented analysis and design in software construction, including its importance and how it's done.

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