Sustainable Marine Management Overview
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Questions and Answers

Explain why focusing solely on blaming fishermen can be an ineffective approach to marine conservation.

Blaming fishermen ignores larger, systemic issues like consumer demand and corporate interests that drive overfishing.

What is the danger of prioritizing short-term gains over long-term sustainability in marine management policies?

Prioritizing short-term gains can lead to the depletion of resources and long-term ecosystem damage that becomes difficult to reverse.

Define 'ecological connectivity' and briefly explain its importance in marine management.

Ecological connectivity refers to the interdependence within ecosystems. Its importance lies in the need to manage ecosystems holistically rather than as isolated units.

What does the integration of sectors, both vertically and horizontally, mean in the context of sustainable marine management?

<p>It involves cooperation across different levels of government (vertical) and across different sectors, such as fishing, tourism and conservation (horizontal), to align strategies and actions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is it important to be aware of 'lip service' in marine conservation policies, and what should one look for instead?

<p>It is important to be aware because policies can contain hollow statements. Instead, look for actionable, funded, and enforceable measures.</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to the provided table, what is a 'driver' that impacts the state of the ocean?

<p>Consumption habits</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the 'pressure' directly linked to waste disposal, as indicated in the table?

<p>Plastic pollution</p> Signup and view all the answers

Name three impacts of polluted oceans, as indicated in the table?

<p>Harm to marine life, human health, and economic industry</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main focus of 'Ecological Sustainability' as defined by the 10-tenet framework?

<p>Protecting ecosystem structures and processes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to the 10-tenet framework, what principle does 'Economic Viability' include?

<p>The polluter-pays principle.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does 'Political Expediency' mean in the context of the 10-tenet framework?

<p>Garnering political support despite conflicting interests.</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to the 10-tenet framework, what does 'Ethical Defensibility' prioritize?

<p>Upholding intergenerational equity and fairness.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is marine management considered complex as explained in 'Final Notes'?

<p>It needs to accommodate multiple sectors, users, and uses, as well as large spatial scales and 'unbounded boundaries'.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the key principles upon which good marine governance is based?

<p>Transparency, inclusivity, equity, accountability or responsiveness.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of management does the Great Barrier Reef case study demonstrate the importance of?

<p>Ecosystem-based management (EBM).</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is required for good marine governance in the context of transboundary MSP, such as in the Baltic Sea Region?

<p>Coordination across borders and sectors.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the importance of stakeholder integration in marine governance?

<p>To ensure diverse actors can contribute and avoid conflicts.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Name one tool that is used to apply governance in marine management.

<p>Marine Spatial Planning (MSP) or Ecosystem-Based Management (EBM) or policy integration.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do recommendations for data interoperability and standardized terminologies directly inform the design of?

<p>Marine habitat classifications for international regulatory frameworks.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What international commitments does Graham (2016) highlight, that requires global-scale monitoring?

<p>Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and the Aichi Biodiversity Targets.</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to Graham (2016), what type of data could be leveraged to monitor species distributions and trends?

<p>OBIS data.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are two key components of the Chesapeake Bay Program's governance?

<p>Adaptive management and interdisciplinarity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the Chesapeake Bay Program promote sustainability?

<p>Through nutrient caps, wetland restoration, and sustainable fishery quotas.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Describe one way the program enhances ecological integrity and biodiversity.

<p>By restoring oyster reefs to filter water and improve habitat.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the Chesapeake Bay Program integrate coupled social-ecological systems?

<p>By involving farmers, fishers, and local communities in the program's initiatives.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Give one example of stakeholder involvement in the Chesapeake Bay Program.

<p>Farmers implementing best management practices (BMPs) to reduce runoff.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the program demonstrate adaptive management?

<p>By using monitoring data to adjust strategies.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a precautionary measure used by the Chesapeake Bay Program?

<p>Pollution caps are used as a precautionary measure.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Explain how the program uses integrated management.

<p>By coordinating upstream and downstream efforts and integrating different pollution control methods.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are 'aspirational needs'?

<p>Higher pursuits like research or recreational diving.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What basic human needs of artisanal fishers are threatened by marine spatial planning (MSP)?

<p>Food security, income, and livelihood.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the acronym DAPSI(W)R(M) represent in the context provided?

<p>The text explains that it is a framework to 'understand the trade-offs and impacts environmental changes have on human well-being'.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between human welfare and ecosystem health?

<p>Human welfare is strongly tied to ecosystem health.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does overfishing affect human welfare?

<p>It can cause food insecurity, job losses, and mental well-being issues.</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to the paper, how do Marine Spatial Planning (MSP) and the 'Blue Economy' affect local fishers?

<p>They reduce fishers' access to marine resources.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key trade-off discussed between marine conservation and the welfare of local fishers?

<p>Restricting access to marine resources to meet conservation goals conflicts with the fishers' needs for food, livelihoods, and cultural practices.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one example of how policies focusing on environmental sustainability can have unintended consequences on vulnerable communities?

<p>They can exacerbate poverty and food insecurity by limiting access to fisheries.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of the BBNJ Treaty (2023) in the context of global ocean governance?

<p>The BBNJ Treaty aims to address governance gaps in areas beyond national jurisdiction (ABNJ), particularly in biodiversity conservation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How did the expansion of the 'blue economy' influence the development of international legal frameworks?

<p>The expansion of the blue economy highlighted the need to balance economic growth with ecological sustainability, creating a demand for legal frameworks.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What specific activities or needs of the blue economy led to the creation of the BBNJ Treaty?

<p>The need to regulate marine genetic resources (MGRs), area-based management tools, environmental impact assessments (EIAs), and capacity building and transfer of marine technology (CBTMT) led to the BBNJ Treaty.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the two key nautical boundaries established by UNCLOS III?

<p>UNCLOS III established 12 nautical mile territorial waters and 200 nautical mile Exclusive Economic Zones (EEZs).</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does international maritime law contribute to the sustainable management of global marine resources?

<p>International maritime law ensures the effective and sustainable management of global marine resources through a combination of legal tools, agreements, and institutions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Other than fishing, what activities have historically prompted legal frameworks like UNCLOS III?

<p>Resource extraction and navigation have historically prompted the creation of legal frameworks like UNCLOS III.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why were the existing international legal frameworks deemed insufficient to manage the expansion of the blue economy?

<p>Existing frameworks had limitations in addressing new economic sectors in previously underregulated marine areas, like ABNJ.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the BBNJ treaty address the lack of governance in areas beyond national jurisdiction (ABNJ)?

<p>The BBNJ treaty specifically addresses governance gaps in areas beyond national jurisdiction by establishing regulations for biodiversity, marine genetic resources, and conservation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Sustainable Marine Management

  • Sustainable Marine Management (SMM) is an integrated approach considering the entire ecosystem, including humans.
  • The goal is to maintain a healthy, productive, and resilient marine ecosystem that delivers essential services.
  • It balances ecological health with human needs, incorporating natural and societal aspects.
  • The concept gained prominence in the 1990s and later refined, drawing on ecosystem approach and sustainable development principles.
  • It evolved from managing single-species fisheries to broader marine ecosystem issues and societal concerns like governance and climate change.

Window Dressing vs. Real Change

  • Window dressing in SMM involves actions that appear to address issues but lack effective enforcement or monitoring, producing little real change.
  • Displacement issues can occur when resource management in one area intensifies unsustainable practices elsewhere.
  • User and property rights can be challenged, as restrictions on activities may cause social and economic disruptions.
  • Resource limitations (funding and enforcement) are often a significant hurdle, especially in developing nations.
  • Transboundary issues are difficult to regulate across international waters.
  • Political and economic pressures often prioritize short-term gains over long-term, sustainable practices.

Larger Processes Matter

  • Economic and political realities, consumer behavior, and corporate interests can significantly impact successful management.
  • Policies must have clear, actionable plans that are funded and enforceable.

Key Principles of Sustainable Marine Management

  • Ecological Connectivity, Coherence, and Equivalence: Recognizing interdependence within ecosystems and ensuring equal importance for all elements.
  • Socio-economic Governance: Balancing ecological health with human needs.
  • Integration of Sectors: Bridging ecological and societal domains by considering vertical (across governmental levels) and horizontal (across sectors) cooperation.

10-Tenet Framework

  • The 10-tenet framework emphasizes interdisciplinary action, integrating natural and social sciences with policy changes. Key elements include ecological sustainability, economic viability, technological feasibility, social desirability, legal permissibility, and administrative achievability.

Traditional, Modern, and Emerging Methods

  • Traditional Methods: Involve field habitat sampling, transects, and NOAA trawl surveys. Provide accurate, direct data but may be labor-intensive, costly, biased, and access limited to remote areas.
  • Modern Technologies: Utilize satellite remote sensing, acoustic monitoring, drones, bio-loggers, and tagging. Offer large-scale ecosystem assessments, particularly for habitats like coral reefs or seagrass meadows.
  • Emerging Methods: Incorporate novel approaches such as buoys, citizen science, and AI-learning to assess population and ecosystem health across different contexts. These methods can potentially be more cost-effective, less resource-intensive, and provide a wider geographical reach.

Political, Ethical, Cultural, and Communication Aspects

  • Political Expediency: Includes the need to garner support despite conflicting interests.
  • Ethical Defensibility: Emphasizing intergenerational equity and fairness.
  • Cultural Inclusivity: Respecting local and indigenous practices.
  • Effective Communication: Ensuring clear, engaging stakeholder engagement.

Global Databases and Data Integration

  • OBIS and Bio-ORACLE are tools for synthesizing ecological data across scales for better assessments and management.
  • Data standardization and interoperability are crucial for effective assessments and decision-making.

Critical Assessment of Methods

  • Different methods have strengths and limitations in different contexts.
  • Traditional methods are useful for accurate, direct data, while modern technologies provide large-scale assessments. Emerging methods offer cost-effectiveness, wide geographical reach, and detailed data.

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Sustainable Marine Management PDF

Description

This quiz explores the principles of Sustainable Marine Management (SMM), an integrated approach that balances ecosystem health with human needs. It addresses the evolution of SMM, key concepts such as window dressing, and the challenges of resource management. Enhance your understanding of marine ecosystems and sustainable practices.

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