Sustainable Marine Management Overview
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Questions and Answers

According to the 8th tenet of marine management, what must be considered about sustainable solutions?

The ethics and morals of the solutions must be considered.

What does the 9th tenet emphasize regarding marine management actions?

They must be accepted by society and include stakeholder input.

What is the key focus of the 10th tenet regarding marine environmental efforts?

The focus is on effective communication to show that the best actions are being taken for the environment.

According to Costello 2009, why is standardized classification of marine habitats important?

<p>It enables consistent mapping and ranking of areas for conservation management.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are two categories for which Costello (2009) recommends separate classifications?

<p>Nekton, plankton, and benthos; and regions, seascapes, biotopes, and guilds.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why might a habitat classification from one study not be suitable for another?

<p>Classifications might be context dependent, derived from local studies or different sampling methods.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Briefly describe what is meant by 'habitat' in the context of the provided text.

<p>Habitat is the physical and chemical environment in which a species lives.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Name two methods of defining habitats, and provide an advantage for each.

<p>Remotely sensed data (advantage: provides different information at spatial scales) and in situ samples (advantage: more accurate report of the species-habitat relationship).</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why was the Fisheries Ecosystem Plan initially focused on oysters?

<p>Oysters are a stationary species, making them easier to study and manage within an ecosystem-based approach.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the first step in developing the indicators for Ecosystem-Based Fisheries Management (EBFM)?

<p>The first indicators were based on literature review.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the final step in the development of the indicators for EBFM?

<p>The final step was a feasibility analysis of the indicators.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Name three of the eight indicators that were being investigated for the Chesapeake Bay EBFM.

<p>Oyster health, oysters as habitat, and improved water quality.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a key factor affecting the Chesapeake Bay ecosystem, related to the expansion along the shoreline?

<p>Increase in impervious surface cover.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Besides oyster health, what else was linked with land use data?

<p>Improve water quality.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are two indicators for which there was a lack of readily available data?

<p>Effective management and stewardship, and maintain cultural heritage.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the growth of forested land impact the Chesapeake Bay?

<p>It has a positive impact on the Chesapeake Bay.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the program created to improve water quality in the Chesapeake Bay?

<p>Chesapeake Bay Program</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are BMPs, in the context of the Chesapeake Bay Program?

<p>Best Management Practices</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is used as a key indicator of water quality, due to its sensitivity to nutrient changes in the Chesapeake Bay?

<p>Submerged Aquatic Vegetation (SAV)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key principle that the Chesapeake Bay Program uses to keep the public informed?

<p>Transparency principle</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which non-governmental organization acts as an accountability measure for the Chesapeake Bay Program?

<p>Chesapeake Foundation</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a major environmental factor, that influences the Chesapeake Bay, which affects sea levels, temperatures and dissolved oxygen?

<p>Climate Change</p> Signup and view all the answers

What management tool is suggested for cyclical monitoring of the management in the Chesapeake Bay?

<p>DAPSI(W)R(M)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of science is recommended in order to improve data collection and engage residents in the management of the Chesapeake Bay?

<p>Citizen science</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the main components of an ecosystem?

<p>The main components of an ecosystem include physical habitats, species, and biogeochemical processes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Define biotopes and their significance in biodiversity measurement.

<p>Biotopes are defined as the physical habitat combined with its associated biological community and serve as practical measures of biodiversity at the ecosystem level.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do ecotones function within ecosystems?

<p>Ecotones function as transition zones between habitats with distinct biodiversity and often contain unique species abundances.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role do vocabularies play in marine habitat classification?

<p>Vocabularies improve communication between scientists and end-users by providing clear definitions for words used to label marine habitats.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Explain the significance of interoperability in data management.

<p>Interoperability involves creating standardized fields, terminology, and methods that enable different databases to exchange data effectively.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the benefit of recording primary data and metrics in habitat analysis?

<p>Recording primary data and metrics like depth and temperature allows for more accurate classification of habitats based on their basic features.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Identify the challenges associated with marine biodiversity data collection.

<p>Challenges include sparse and disconnected data that is often qualitative and expensive to collect, reflecting national interests.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do multiple scales of investigation enhance marine ecological understanding?

<p>Multiple scales of investigation allow for a deeper understanding of marine ecology by examining patterns and data across different spatial and temporal contexts.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key challenge in the implementation of Area Based Management Tools (ABMTs) and Marine Protected Areas (MPAs)?

<p>A key challenge is the lack of clear definitions of these tools and how they relate to one another.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are two different approaches discussed for assessing the effectiveness of conservation tools such as ABMTs and MPAs?

<p>Two approaches include assessing if goals have been achieved so that tools can be discontinued, and adaptive management as suggested by the IUCN.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Besides strict protection, what other factor when considering ABMTs and MPAs was noted to be important?

<p>The importance of including socio-economic factors is mentioned.</p> Signup and view all the answers

When considering Environmental Impact Assessments (EIAs), what is the main point of disagreement among states regarding the process?

<p>States disagree on the process for EIAs after deciding whether an EIA is necessary.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are two possible options for handling the requirements of an EIA?

<p>Requirements can be handled through a mandatory list or as an annex.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the opinion on including socio-economic and cultural impacts within EIAs?

<p>Whether socio-economic and cultural impacts should be included within EIAs is a point of discussion.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the concern with capacity building and the transfer of marine technology in regards to enforcement?

<p>There is concern whether to make capacity building mandatory or allow it to stay voluntary.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key challenge in determining which nations should receive marine technology transfer assistance?

<p>A key challenge is how to classify middle-income countries and what specific criteria to use in the classification.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is it important to account for ecological interconnectedness in ecosystem-based management?

<p>It is essential because interactions among target and non-target species, as well as between different ecosystems, greatly influence ecosystem health and sustainability.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are some specific challenges faced in integrating environmental and fisheries management?

<p>A major challenge is understanding the interrelationship between eutrophication and healthy fisheries, which is crucial for effective restoration efforts.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How has the Chesapeake Bay's management addressed nutrient loading?

<p>The Chesapeake Bay management has implemented models to forecast and showcase the effects of land-use changes on nutrient and sediment loading.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is meant by sustainability in the context of ecosystem management?

<p>Sustainability refers to meeting present needs without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role do socio-economic-ecological models play in ecosystem management initiatives like those in Chesapeake Bay and Louisiana?

<p>These models project water quality changes and illuminate the relationships between ecological health and socio-economic factors.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Discuss the concept of resilience in the context of Chesapeake Bay's ecosystem health.

<p>The Chesapeake Bay has lost much of its resilience to recover quickly from disturbances due to human-induced changes throughout its watershed.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How can changes in land-use impact nutrient loading in ecosystems like the Chesapeake Bay?

<p>Changes in land-use can significantly affect the amount of nutrients and sediments entering the ecosystem, altering environmental conditions and impacting overall health.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a key agreement related to management strategies in the Chesapeake Bay?

<p>The Chesapeake 2000 Agreement emphasized the importance of understanding predator-prey interactions and the ecological drivers affecting the ecosystem.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Sustainable Marine Management

  • Aim is to manage human actions impacting the marine environment, accommodating climate change and global scales.
  • 10-tenets advocate a multidisciplinary approach, acknowledging disciplines may need to expand their comfort zones to address the complex issues.
  • Ecosystem approach prioritizes preserving natural ecological features, conserving biodiversity and ecosystems, and providing ecosystem services beneficial to society. This is a 'triple win' for ecology, society, and economics.
  • Six elements for marine management include the natural environment, social factors, legal aspects, administrative structures, economic considerations, and technological applications/decisions.
  • 1st tenet: ecologically and environmentally sustainable approach maintaining the health of the ecosystem by preserving its carrying capacity. The focus is on ecosystem functioning and physical properties rather than abundance.
  • 2nd tenet: economically viable - ensuring sufficient funding for prevention and recovery of environmental damage (polluter pays principle).
  • 3rd tenet: technologically feasible – ensuring access to technologies for preventing and remediating environmental damage, as well as for monitoring procedures.
  • 4th tenet: socially desirable/acceptable – ensuring societal acceptance of measures for sustaining a healthy marine environment.
  • 5th tenet: legally permissible – adherence to internationally recognized guiding principles and new environmental legislation.
  • 6th tenet: administratively achievable – interlinked departmental, agency and regulatory bodies working at international/regional/national levels and across various sectors.
  • 7th tenet: politically expeditious – adopting politically feasible solutions.
  • 8th tenet: ethically defensible – emphasizing ethical and moral aspects of sustainable solutions.
  • 9th tenet: culturally inclusive – encouraging stakeholder input for societal acceptance of management actions.
  • 10th tenet: effectively communicable – effective communication among stakeholders to create understanding and acceptance and for achieving vertical and horizontal coordination.

Marine Habitat Classification

  • Different habitats require differing sampling methods.
  • Standardized classification and terminology for habitats is needed to enable consistent mapping and aid resource management and conservation area selection.
  • Separate classifications are advantageous for multiple types of marine organisms e.g., nekton, plankton and benthos.
  • Habitat is defined as the physical and chemical environment in which a species lives, requiring different methods to study depending on the type of organism.
  • Ecosystem is a combination of habitats, including physical factors, species and their metabolic processes, often overlapping and exchanging materials with external systems.
  • Biotope emphasizes the habitat and its associated biological community, the lowest level of marine habitat classification.
  • Ecotones are the transition zones between habitats (e.g., estuaries, coastlines) with distinct biodiversity and uniqueness.
  • Regions, seascapes, and biotopes can be mapped using management guidelines or expert opinions.

Role of Primary Data and Metrics

  • Primary data/metrics involve recording basic biotope features (depth, temperature).
  • This facilitates data use by other researchers for specific use cases.

Graham 2016: Scaled-Up Ecological Data for Marine Conservation

  • Lack of broad-scale data regarding marine biodiversity and threats previously hindered effective management.
  • Quantitative global-scale data (e.g., OBIS, GBIF, BIO-ORACLE) are crucial but vary greatly in quality, format, and time scales.
  • Citizen science can facilitate large-scale observation of species and their interactions, with quality control measures required.
  • Large-scale data and improved statistical methods enable analysis that considers the impacts of ecological responses.
  • Effective data collection and analysis are necessary to understand and address ecological threats and guide policy decisions.

Morf 2019: Transboundary Sustainable Governance in the Baltic

  • Integrating stakeholder perspectives is essential for effective marine spatial planning, promoting social sustainability.
  • Stakeholder integration (SI) is critical for clarifying the 'who', 'how', and 'when' of stakeholder involvement.
  • Timing of stakeholder engagement varies across countries.
  • Challenges in stakeholder engagement include cross-border collaboration, different perspectives, and communication.
  • Building capacity, fostering cross-border interaction, and addressing communication barriers are essential aspects of effective stakeholder integration.

Leslie 2018: Ecosystem-Based Management Value

  • Ecosystem-based management focuses on the interconnections within and between ecosystems.
  • It incorporates ecological, social, and governance objectives, using scientific understanding to address societal and ecological needs.
  • Multiple EBM principles are available, but their inconsistency often hinders their practical application.
  • A lack of consensus on core principles leads to unclear definitions and differing applications, hindering effective management.

Desanto 2020: Biodiversity Beyond National Jurisdiction (BBNJ)

  • The BBNJ identifies marine biodiversity in areas beyond national jurisdiction, requiring international cooperation.
  • Agreement complexities include differing perspectives on shared resources and benefit-sharing principles (common heritage v. freedom of the seas), access to resources, and enforcement.
  • Defining marine scientific research and distinguishing it from resource access remain significant challenges.
  • Incorporating concerns about socio-economic impacts and capacity building for developing countries is necessary for a successful agreement.
  • Voluntary contributions from states are crucial, though there are difficulties in reaching consensus on their nature and extent in relation to resource management.

Oliver 2023: Socio-Ecological Analysis of Eutrophication in Chesapeake Bay

  • Eutrophication is driven by nutrient runoff and atmospheric deposition, impacting ecosystem health and wellbeing.
  • Stakeholder analysis is vital for understanding complex interactions in managing threats to the Chesapeake Bay.
  • Adaptive management (monitoring and feedback loops) of policies and practices is essential for addressing eutrophication impacts.
  • Citizen science, nature-based solutions, and improved regulation also offer avenues to improve marine quality.

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Description

Explore the principles of sustainable marine management aimed at mitigating human impact on marine environments. This quiz covers tenets emphasizing the importance of a multidisciplinary approach, ecosystem preservation, and the integration of social, legal, and economic factors. Gain insights into managing marine resources effectively for ecological and societal benefits.

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