Sustainable Farming Practices

It enhances the ability to cope with disturbances by providing a variety of crops that can thrive under different conditions.

Poly-cultures are more productive because they utilize resources more efficiently and reduce losses from pests and diseases.

They provide 20 to 40 percent of the world's food supply by ensuring diverse food sources and stable production.

<p>Farm biodiversity allows for greater resilience by maintaining crop production during climatic disturbances.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They utilize drought-tolerant local varieties, water harvesting, mixed cropping, and agroforestry.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It buffers agro-ecosystems against climate variation and promotes healthier crop yields.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Large farms face higher risks of loss due to pests and diseases compared to diverse small farms, which are more resilient.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Incorporating these varieties increases resilience to changing environmental conditions and enhances overall farm productivity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Wheat, barley, millet, field peas, sesame, mustard, cotton, and various fruits.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Mohenjo-Daro had easy land and water communication, making it a meeting ground for diverse peoples.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Harappa, Mohenjo-Daro, Dicki, Gonorreala, Dokalingam, and Mangalore.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The water buffalo was among the domestic animals mentioned in the Harappan civilization.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The only evidence is a drawing of the millet crop on a potsherd.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Field peas and indications of other leguminous crops are noted.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cotton was the fibrous plant cultivated in both locations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Fruit crops such as melons, dates, bananas, and pomegranates diversified their diet.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The arrival of rain facilitated the cultivation of crops other than barley and wheat and aided in the growth of fish-crops.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The constellations Mrigasira and Krittika, along with the planet Venus, were significant for predicting rain and agricultural cycles.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The compass-like object, consisting of a shell ring with 8 or 12 slits, was presumed to be used for determining the time for annual events like sowing and harvesting.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The state treasury, along with temples, was assumed to receive farm taxes, indicating state control over land ownership and grain storage.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Trade evolved into a fuller form during the chalcolithic period, featuring regular exchanges of goods with foreign lands and inland trade centers.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The association of Mrigasira's rain-making potential and Krittika's rising period with agricultural practices suggests that celestial events were linked to timing for agriculture.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Aside from fish-crops, the Indus people primarily cultivated barley and wheat.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Seal representations symbolized the rain-making agents and their connection to agriculture and trade in the Indus civilization.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The Rigveda references sea voyages for trade, indicating India's engagement in maritime commerce, although it lacks direct evidence of specific commodities exchanged.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The legend suggests India imported sugar and silk from China, while exporting costus and pepper in return, highlighting active trade relations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cows were considered a form of currency, reflecting their value in trade and the agrarian economy of the Vedic society.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Irrigation practices included the use of canals and water diversion methods to enhance agricultural productivity, demonstrating early water management.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Vedic texts reference tools such as plows and sickles, which were essential for farming and harvesting crops.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Market activities were marked by established trading classes, barter systems, and regulations on bargaining practices after prices were set.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Farm laborers in the Vedic age experienced a hierarchical status, often bound to landowners, and their livelihood was closely tied to agricultural cycles.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The Sramanic traditions introduced new philosophies that influenced agricultural practices and the socio-economic framework of society, marking a significant transition.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The two types of wells are ring wells and soak wells.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Water-lifting devices included lever, wheel and axle, and animal power.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They transported water using animals or utilized a bucket-chain.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The Sakas were associated with the Sakandhu, a form of water-wheel.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Natural phenomena included rains, droughts, and hailstorms.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Insects such as locusts and birds like parrots and hawks.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Oxen were used to haul water from a well into a supply canal by climbing a sloping ridge.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Preventive and protective measures against pests, diseases, and natural hazards were advocated.</p> Signup and view all the answers