Sustainable Development and Kyoto Protocol Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is the main focus of the "Kyoto Protocol"?

  • To reduce greenhouse gas emissions from industrialized countries. (correct)
  • To create a framework for measuring the ecological and social performance of organizations.
  • To encourage educational efforts to promote environmental respect.
  • To establish a set of principles for sustainable development.
  • What is the main goal of the "principle of social and technological innovation" as described in Agenda 21?

  • To prioritize innovation that solely benefits humankind.
  • To encourage innovation that benefits both humankind and the environment. (correct)
  • To promote innovation in all sectors, regardless of social or environmental impact.
  • To ensure that innovation is environmentally sustainable.
  • Which country withdrew from the Kyoto Protocol in 2011?

  • Canada (correct)
  • Japan
  • United States
  • China
  • What is the "Triple Bottom Line" (TBL) as described by John Elkington?

    <p>A framework for measuring the economic, social, and environmental performance of organizations. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these is NOT one of the five principles summarized from the 27 principles of Agenda 21?

    <p>Profitability (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what year did the Kyoto Protocol enter into force?

    <p>2005 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of the "Doha Amendments" to the Kyoto Protocol?

    <p>They extended the Protocol's commitments for another eight years, from 2013 to 2020. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main argument presented by John Elkington in his book "Cannibals with Forks"?

    <p>Measuring success should go beyond financial performance and include ecological and social performance. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary focus of good health and well-being?

    <p>Mental and emotional health (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor is essential for achieving quality education?

    <p>Diverse teaching methods (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant goal of promoting gender equality?

    <p>Ensuring equal representation in leadership roles (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT considered a component of good health and well-being?

    <p>Wealth accumulation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does quality education play in society?

    <p>Enhances social equality (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which challenge may arise in the pursuit of gender equality?

    <p>Resistance to change in traditional roles (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can communities promote good health and well-being?

    <p>Through awareness and education programs (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which element is critical to achieving quality education globally?

    <p>International collaboration and knowledge sharing (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What main theme is covered in the chapters related to life on land?

    <p>Peace, justice, and strong institutions (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement is true regarding the connection between the introductory chapters and individual SDGs?

    <p>There is no connection to individual SDGs in the introductory chapters. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a topic mentioned in the context of life on land?

    <p>Environmental conservation and biodiversity (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an essential element for achieving sustainable development goals based on the content provided?

    <p>Partnerships for the goals (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do strong institutions play in the context of sustainability?

    <p>They enhance the enforcement of laws and regulations. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do partnerships influence the implementation of sustainable development goals?

    <p>They facilitate resource sharing and collaboration. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which aspect is NOT addressed by the first two chapters concerning sustainable development?

    <p>Individual SDGs details (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement best describes the significance of the theme 'life on land'?

    <p>It highlights the importance of equity in development. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the acronym INDC stand for in the context of climate change agreements?

    <p>Intended Nationally Determined Contributions (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following goals does the Paris Agreement aim to achieve?

    <p>Holding the increase in global average temperature to well below 2°C (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many countries and the European Union adopted the Paris Agreement?

    <p>195 countries and the European Union (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the critical aspects regarding the financing mentioned in the context of climate actions?

    <p>Fully industrialised nations plan to maintain a US$100 billion annual budget until 2025 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which development banks have committed to increasing funding for low-carbon projects?

    <p>World Bank, African Development Bank, and Asian Development Bank (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What climate-related activity is encouraged for tropical countries as part of the agreements?

    <p>Payments for reducing emissions from deforestation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a crucial focus of the Paris Agreement besides emission reduction?

    <p>Minimising loss and damage from climate impacts (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the COP in the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change?

    <p>To serve as the governing body comprising all countries working towards climate agreements (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the hospitality industry?

    <p>Significant job losses and reduction in GDP contribution (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the passage, what is one of the challenges in defining the hospitality industry?

    <p>The wide range of activities and products it encompasses (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the author's view on the future of the hospitality industry?

    <p>The industry will likely experience a slow and uncertain recovery. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main argument the author makes regarding the future direction of the hospitality industry?

    <p>A sustainable and resilient shift in the industry is needed. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What critical aspect of the hospitality industry is highlighted as a concern in the passage?

    <p>Its impact on the environment and society (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of the year 2019 in the context of the passage?

    <p>It marked the peak of international tourist arrivals before the pandemic. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best exemplifies the diversity of products and services within the hospitality industry as described in the passage?

    <p>The range of offerings from luxury hotels to street food vendors (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The phrase 'bounce forward' in the context of the passage suggests that the hospitality industry should:

    <p>Adapt to the changed circumstances and embrace new practices for sustainability. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a key area where ethical issues arise in hotel operations?

    <p>Customer service (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of the "Paris-like agreement" on biodiversity being negotiated at the UN Biodiversity Conference (COP 15)?

    <p>To create a comprehensive plan to protect and restore biodiversity (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the passage, what is the primary reason for hotels to focus on environmental sustainability?

    <p>To attract more tourists (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main argument presented regarding the relationship between biodiversity and climate change?

    <p>Biodiversity loss exacerbates climate change (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of the Aichi Targets?

    <p>They provide a framework for action to protect and restore biodiversity (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The passage suggests that hotel companies are involved in which of the following initiatives to reduce their environmental impact?

    <p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the meaning of "host community" in the context of the passage?

    <p>The local community where a hotel or tourism destination is located (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the passage suggest is the current state of progress towards achieving the Aichi Targets?

    <p>Little to no progress has been made on many of the Aichi Targets (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Flashcards

    International Tourist Arrivals

    The number of tourists visiting a country from abroad.

    Export Earnings

    Revenue generated from the tourism industry from foreign visitors.

    COVID-19 Impact on Tourism

    Severe decline in tourist arrivals due to the pandemic, with a 74% drop in 2020.

    Tourism GDP Contribution

    The percentage of a country's gross domestic product contributed by tourism.

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    Jobs Lost in Tourism

    62 million jobs were lost in the tourism sector due to the COVID-19 crisis.

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    Bounce Back vs. Bounce Forward

    The choice between returning to pre-COVID conditions or improving tourism for sustainability and resilience.

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    Complexity of Hospitality

    The diverse nature of the hospitality industry, including various services and products.

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    Culturally Bound Hotels

    Hotels that are influenced by cultural norms and expectations.

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    Principle of Precaution

    A guideline to prevent possible risks before they occur.

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    Principle of Responsibility

    Adopting social and environmental accountability in decisions and activities.

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    Principle of Transparency

    Making relevant information available to all stakeholders.

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    Principle of Social Innovation

    Advancing social and technological improvements for mutual benefit.

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    Principle of Involved Citizenship

    Participating actively in local and global responsibilities.

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    Kyoto Protocol

    International agreement to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by 5.2% by 2012.

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    Triple Bottom Line (TBL)

    Concept measuring success in ecological, social, and financial performance.

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    Doha Amendments

    Second commitment round of the Kyoto Protocol covering 2013-2020.

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    Global Temperature Goals

    Agreements aiming to limit global temperature rise to 1.5°C or below 2°C.

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    Aichi Targets

    A framework aimed at saving biodiversity and enhancing benefits for people.

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    Biodiversity Decline

    The rapid loss of biological diversity, threatening ecosystems.

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    Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

    Global goals to address various sustainability challenges.

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    Paris-like Agreement

    Aiming for an international accord focused on biodiversity similar to the Paris Agreement.

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    Hotel Carbon Measurement Initiative

    An initiative to help hotels measure and reduce carbon emissions.

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    Ethical Issues in Hospitality

    Concerns related to supply chain, community, workplace, and customer treatment.

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    Corporate Reputation and Environment

    The positive impact of environmental actions on a company's public image.

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    Good health and well-being

    A state of physical, mental, and social wellness, not just the absence of disease.

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    Quality education

    Education that is inclusive, equitable, and promotes lifelong learning opportunities for all.

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    Gender equality

    The state of equal access to resources and opportunities regardless of gender.

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    Inclusive education

    An educational approach that accommodates all learners, regardless of their differences.

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    Lifelong learning

    The ongoing, voluntary, and self-motivated pursuit of knowledge for personal or professional development.

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    Social accountability

    The obligation of organizations to consider the social impact of their decisions and practices.

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    Sustainable practices

    Methods that meet current needs without compromising future generations' ability to meet theirs.

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    Advocacy for marginalized groups

    Supporting those who are disadvantaged or underrepresented in society.

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    COP

    The governing body of the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change, consisting of all member countries.

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    INDCs

    Intended Nationally Determined Contributions; pledges by countries for emission reduction.

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    Paris Agreement

    An agreement adopted by 195 countries aiming to limit global temperature rise.

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    Global average temperature limit

    Objective to keep temperature rise below 2°C above pre-industrial levels.

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    Financing adaptation

    Funding aimed at helping communities deal with climate change impacts.

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    Loss and damage minimization

    Strategies to reduce impacts of climate change, including early warning systems.

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    Global North vs. Global South

    Refers to the industrialized nations (North) and developing nations (South) affected by climate change.

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    Low-carbon projects

    Initiatives aimed at reducing pollution and carbon emissions.

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    Peace

    A state of tranquility or quietness in society.

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    Justice

    Fair treatment and adherence to the law.

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    Strong Institutions

    Organizations that govern and stabilize societies.

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    Partnerships

    Cooperative relationships to achieve common goals.

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    Climate Action

    Efforts to combat climate change and its impacts.

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    Global Cooperation

    Countries working together for common objectives.

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    Inclusive Society

    A community where all members are valued and included.

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    Study Notes

    Sustainable Development and the Hospitality Industry

    • The objectives for this chapter are to explore global challenges, describe climate change and its effects, identify reasons for resource over-exploitation, recognize the significance of water depletion, understand population consequences, establish the interconnectedness of the global economy and carrying capacity, describe limits of current economic systems, elaborate sustainable hospitality best practices, review key initiatives, and discuss philosophical approaches to planetary challenges.
    • Human activities have significantly impacted the Earth's ecosystem over thousands of years. Hospitality, a large industry, is a major contributor to environmental issues while also being affected by them. Tourism and hospitality operations face difficulties in maintaining profitability while adhering to environmental stewardship.
    • The pre-COVID-19 hospitality boom saw increased international travel, job creation, and economic growth. 2019's GDP contribution was 10.4%, supporting 334 million jobs.
    • The COVID-19 pandemic drastically reduced international tourism. 2020 saw a 74% drop in tourist arrivals and a 50% loss in GDP contribution.
    • The hospitality industry faces complexities, encompassing various roles, product and service diversity, its impact on society, and the increasing importance of stakeholder relationships.
    • Managing environmental impacts is a crucial aspect of sustainable hospitality. Operational aspects such as employing environmentally friendly procedures, using renewable resources, and minimizing waste are essential.
    • The hospitality industry has significant environmental effects (air and water pollution; waste generation; GHG emissions).
    • Energy consumption varies widely per square metre of floor space, ranging from 60 to 700 kilowatt-hours per m2.
    • Hotels contribute to carbon emissions with an estimated average range of 11 to 29 kgCO2e per occupied room.
    • Significant water consumption exists in hotels, averaging 350 litres/guest/night or higher, depending on location.
    • Hotel operations generate significant waste, with hotel guests generating 1 kg of waste per night per guest (in terms of paper, plastics, and cardboard). Significant food waste occurs.
    • Sustainability in hospitality is a crucial aspect, covering ethics of conducting business, the local community, workplace conditions, and customer relations which should be addressed alongside environmental issues.
    • The UNWTO's Global Code of Ethics for tourism provides principles to guide stakeholders on ethical practices in tourism and minimise negative effects on local communities, industries, and individuals.
    • Defining sustainable hospitality encompasses managing resources to meet the needs of the present, without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. This involves considerations of environmental, social, and economic factors and requires collaboration with stakeholders, like national governments and civil society.

    Emerging Challenges for the Planet

    • Human activities have significantly impacted the Earth's ecosystem.
    • Climate change is a critical concern for the hospitality industry as it affects the operation and delivery of services and impacts the environment.
    • The scarcity of fresh water resources presents a growing challenge.

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    Test your knowledge on key concepts related to the Kyoto Protocol and sustainable development principles. This quiz covers topics such as the Triple Bottom Line, Agenda 21, and significant goals of health, education, and gender equality. Dive in to evaluate your understanding of these critical environmental and social frameworks.

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