Sustainable Development and Green Economy

<p>A biotic and abiotic complex of the lake (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Precipitation and amount of heat (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The lower layer of the earth in gaseous form (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Rainforest (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The upper part of the solid layer of the Earth's crust (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Anthropogenic pollution (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Natural monument (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>2002 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Biogeocenosis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The Red Book (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Chronic toxicosis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Organized and unorganized (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Discharge of drilling sludge (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Caves and geological formations (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Historical nuclear testing (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Overfishing beyond sustainable levels (B), Pollution by oil products (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Increasing the activity of environmental organizations (C), Laws against pollution of harmful substances (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Albedo (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Water being rich in organic substances (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Irrigation and hydro-reclamation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Mutual attraction of the moon and the earth (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Pollution of the world's oceans (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Solar radiation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Violation of the oxygen balance in the atmosphere (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Industrial dust release (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Chemical waste (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Stockholm, 1972 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>About nature protection (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Degradation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Nature knows and decides for itself (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Destruction of the natural landscape (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>At stage 2 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The relationship of living organisms with each other (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>In 3 stages (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Adoption of the Concept of Sustainable Development (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Raising environmental and economic problems to the political level (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Tools necessary for human survival (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Sustainable development aims to meet present needs without compromising future generations' ability to meet their own needs.

The economic aspect refers to the ability of a civilization to grow and prosper economically, considering factors like job creation, infrastructure development, and technological advancement.

The social aspect focuses on the cultural, societal, and demographic factors that influence a civilization's well-being. This includes areas like education, healthcare, and social justice.

The ecological aspect emphasizes the impact of human activities on the environment and the need to preserve natural resources for future generations. This includes issues like climate change, pollution, and biodiversity loss.

The second direction of Kazakhstan's 'green' economy focuses on transitioning to a more sustainable model by implementing energy-efficient practices, promoting renewable energy sources, and improving waste management systems.

Energy efficiency in housing and communal services involves measures to reduce energy consumption in buildings and public spaces, such as using more efficient appliances, improving insulation, and optimizing heating and cooling systems.

Introducing renewable energy sources means using alternative energy sources like solar, wind, and hydro power instead of fossil fuels. This helps reduce dependence on fossil fuels and greenhouse gas emissions.

Improving the waste management system refers to implementing efficient and environmentally friendly methods to handle waste, including recycling, composting, and reducing the amount of waste generated.

Water resource management focuses on ensuring sustainable use of water resources, including efficient irrigation practices, preventing water pollution, and conserving water through efficient technologies and practices.

Developing 'clean' transport involves promoting alternative modes of transportation that reduce air pollution and greenhouse gas emissions, such as electric vehicles, public transportation, and cycling infrastructure.

A water eco-house is not a specific type of dwelling but rather a concept or approach to sustainable living that emphasizes water-saving technologies and practices.

Limiting factors are resources or conditions that restrict the growth or distribution of organisms in an ecosystem. These factors can include factors like sunlight, nutrients, water availability, or temperature.

Ecosystem biomass refers to the total mass of living organisms in a given area. This includes all plants, animals, and microorganisms within a specific ecosystem.

High vegetation is a characteristic of ecosystems with high biomass. This typically occurs in areas with abundant resources, such as rainforests, broad-leaved forests, and oceans.

The destruction of a link in a food chain can have disruptive effects on a biocenosis, as it can disrupt the balance of predator-prey relationships and affect the overall health of the ecosystem.

Producers are the primary link in a food chain as they convert sunlight into energy through photosynthesis. They form the base of the food chain, providing energy for all other organisms.

Herbivores make up the first order of consumers in a food chain because they feed directly on producers, such as plants. They are also called primary consumers.

Second order consumers (carnivores that prey on herbivores) are crucial to a balanced ecosystem as they control herbivore populations, preventing overgrazing and maintaining biodiversity.

Third order consumers (carnivores that prey on other carnivores) have a less direct impact on the biocenosis compared to lower order consumers, but they play a role in regulating populations within their niche.

Reducers, also known as decomposers, play a vital role in nutrient cycling by breaking down dead organisms and waste, returning nutrients to the environment, and creating fertile soil.

The concept of ecosystem was introduced by Arthur Tansley in 1935. An ecosystem is a complex system of living organisms and their physical environment, interconnected through the flow of matter and energy.

Biogeocenosis is a term used to describe the interaction between living organisms and their environment in a specific geographic location. It emphasizes the interconnectedness of biotic (living) and abiotic (non-living) components.

Pollution that is caused by human activities, such as industrial emissions, agricultural runoff, or waste disposal, is considered anthropogenic pollution.

Natural pollution occurs through processes that are not caused by human activities, such as volcanic eruptions, forest fires, or natural gas leaks.

The three aggregate types of water are liquid (water as we know it), solid (ice), and gas (water vapor). These states depend on temperature and pressure.

Industrial waste is classified based on its disposal regime, which refers to the methods used to eliminate or manage the waste. This classification helps determine the potential environmental risks.

The control flap installed on water sources serves as a barrier to control the composition and properties of water. It helps monitor the presence of contaminants and ensure water quality.

The 'green' economy involves transitioning to sustainable development practices that aim to achieve economic growth while protecting the environment. It encompasses strategies like renewable energy, green technologies, and environmental conservation.

The 'third industrial revolution' refers to a new wave of technological advancements focused on sustainability, renewable energy, and decentralized production. It envisions a future powered by green technologies.

The law of tolerance states that organisms can only tolerate a certain range of environmental conditions, beyond which they cannot survive. This includes factors like temperature, pH, or nutrient availability.

The law of the minimum states that the growth of an organism is limited by the most scarce factor in its environment, even if other factors are abundant. This means that the limiting factor determines the overall growth rate.

The Earth Summit in Rio de Janeiro (1992) was a landmark event that resulted in several important agreements aimed at promoting sustainable development and addressing global environmental challenges.

Pollution of the world's oceans is a major global environmental problem, caused by various human activities like oil spills, plastic pollution, and agricultural runoff. This pollution can harm marine life and ecosystems.

Solar radiation is a crucial natural resource that provides energy for life on Earth and drives the planet's climate system. It influences temperature, weather patterns, and plant growth.

Physical pollution refers to pollution caused by physical agents, such as radiation, dust, electromagnetic fields, and noise. These pollutants can have various adverse effects on human health and the environment.

Forest fires can have significant environmental consequences, such as releasing large amounts of carbon dioxide, disrupting oxygen balance, leading to soil erosion, and causing habitat loss. They are a major ecological disturbance.

The biosphere is a global ecosystem that includes all living organisms and their physical environment on Earth. It is the zone where life exists, encompassing all ecosystems from the deepest oceans to the highest mountains.

The troposphere is the lowest layer of the atmosphere, extending from the Earth's surface up to about 7-15 km. It is responsible for weather patterns and supports life on Earth.

Noosphere is the sphere of human activity that includes the biosphere and interacts with it. It encompasses all human knowledge, culture, and technological advancements, and its impact on the biosphere is significant.

Natural soil erosion occurs through natural processes like wind, water, and gravity. This erosion is a natural part of the Earth's cycles and can create fertile soils.

Technogenic soil erosion is caused by human activities like deforestation, mining, and agriculture. These activities can accelerate soil erosion rates and lead to land degradation.

Albedo refers to the ability of a surface to reflect light. Surfaces like snow and ice have high albedo, reflecting a significant portion of sunlight, while darker surfaces like asphalt absorb more light.

Eutrophication is the excessive enrichment of a body of water with nutrients, often from agricultural runoff or sewage. This leads to excessive plant growth, oxygen depletion, and harm to aquatic life.

Desertification is the degradation of land in arid and semi-arid areas, turning it into desert-like conditions. This can be caused by factors like drought, overgrazing, and deforestation.

Afforestation is the process of planting trees in areas that were previously devoid of trees. It helps combat desertification, improve soil quality, and provide habitats for wildlife.

Groves are areas of trees planted to improve soil quality, prevent erosion, and provide shade. They can be found in various landscapes, from agricultural fields to urban parks.

The rise and retreat of the sea (tides) are influenced by the gravitational pull of the moon and the rotation of the Earth. The moon's gravity pulls the water towards it, creating high tides, while the Earth's rotation also affects the tide patterns.

Urban ecosystems are complex environments shaped by human activities, characterized by high population density, altered land use, and unique environmental challenges. These environments have distinct features that are often different from natural ecosystems.

Nuclear power plants have the potential for environmental impacts, such as radioactive waste disposal, accidents that could release radiation, and the need for secure storage of radioactive materials.

The Semipalatinsk region in Kazakhstan has been impacted by the long-term effects of nuclear testing, including radiation contamination of soil and water, health issues in the population, and ecological damage.

Dogfish die-offs in the Caspian Sea have been linked to chronic toxicosis, likely caused by pollution from various sources. This highlights the impact of environmental pollution on marine life.

Pollution of the Caspian Sea is a major environmental concern, with sources including drilling sludge, oil products, and industrial waste. This pollution threatens marine life and the ecosystem.

Sturgeon populations in the Caspian Sea have declined sharply due to overfishing, pollution, and habitat degradation. These factors threaten the survival of this valuable species and highlight the need for conservation measures.

The Red Book is a list of endangered species that require protection efforts to ensure their survival. It includes animals, plants, and fungi facing threats from habitat loss, overexploitation, and pollution.

Soil is a vital natural resource that supports life, providing nutrients, water retention, and a foundation for plant growth. It is crucial for agriculture and ecosystem health.

Burial grounds and polygons are sites used for storing hazardous waste, often underground. This involves carefully managing the disposal of toxic materials to prevent environmental contamination.

Cars contribute significantly to air pollution in cities, accounting for approximately 75-80% of the total pollutants. This highlights the need for sustainable transportation alternatives to improve air quality.

Climate change is a major environmental problem caused by the accumulation of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, primarily from burning fossil fuels. This leads to rising temperatures, altered weather patterns, and various ecological consequences.

The 1st World Conference on the Environment was held in Stockholm, Sweden in 1972. This landmark event raised awareness about global environmental problems and sparked the development of international environmental agreements.

Degradation refers to the deterioration of environmental quality. It encompasses various forms of environmental damage, including pollution, resource depletion, habitat destruction, and biodiversity loss.

Environmental education plays a crucial role in raising awareness about environmental issues, promoting sustainable practices, and empowering individuals to make responsible choices. It helps people understand the interconnectedness of human activities and the environment.