Ch02. Sustainability
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary focus of the language of sustainable development?

  • Biological diversity and conservation
  • Global partnership and sustainable business
  • Topic-specific language and sustainable development (correct)
  • Climate policy and climate change

    • What is the name of the plan for a global partnership on sustainable development?

  • Agenda 21 (correct)
  • Convention on Biological Diversity
  • Paris Agreement
  • Millennium Development Goals

    • Which convening body is responsible for global climate decisions?

  • Earth Summit
  • United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) (correct)
  • Convention on Biological Diversity
  • Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC)

    • What is the name of the goals adopted by the UN in 2000 to be achieved by 2015?

    <p>Millennium Development Goals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term mainly used by the financial industry and corporations to refer to environmental, social, and governance factors?

    <p>ESG</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the year of the Paris Agreement, which occurred under the aegis of the UNFCCC?

    <p>2015</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of mangrove forests in tropical coasts?

    <p>Provide habitats for fish and other marine wildlife</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of SDG 13?

    <p>Climate action</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Nuveen, what is the relationship between the SDGs and their impact investment priorities?

    <p>The SDGs provide a convenient framework for analysis of Nuveen's impact investment priorities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the focus of SDG 7?

    <p>Affordable and clean energy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the organization that created the graphic mentioned in the text?

    <p>WWF (panda.org)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe the measurable outcomes of climate-related ecosystem services?

    <p>Measurable climate-related outcomes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary cause of climate change?

    <p>Excess human-generated carbon dioxide emissions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of planting trees in the context of climate change?

    <p>To absorb carbon dioxide from the air</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of a functional, biodiverse ecosystem?

    <p>A mix of different tree species and structural tissues</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the carbon sequestered in plants when they die or decompose?

    <p>It is released back into the atmosphere</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a limitation of many tree-planting offsetting schemes?

    <p>They do not produce a functional ecosystem</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a requirement for a successful nature-based climate solution?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary driver of the concept of sustainability in the public policy and corporate arenas?

    <p>The 1970s and 1980s environmental movement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary way corporations practice sustainability today?

    <p>Through CSR initiatives and ESG performance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When did the first major United Nations meeting on environmental issues take place?

    <p>1972</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main argument presented in the 'The Limits to Growth' report?

    <p>There are limits to economic growth due to finite natural resources</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary motivation behind individuals reducing or eliminating their use of meat and dairy products?

    <p>To reduce their environmental impact</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of sustainability in the context of wider society?

    <p>To share wealth and well-being more equitably</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of the United Nations' Sustainable Development Goals?

    <p>To achieve environmental sustainability through SDGs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of companies using ESG metrics in their investor relations capacity?

    <p>To convey their ESG performance to shareholders and financial stakeholders</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary aspect of environmental sustainability?

    <p>Ensuring clean air and water, and protecting oceans and biodiversity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of the Brundtland report in the context of sustainable development?

    <p>It highlighted the importance of sustainable development</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the origin of the term ESG?

    <p>A 2005 report by the UN Global Compact</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of the UN Sustainable Development Goals?

    <p>To provide a framework for international cooperation on sustainable development</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do governments rarely use the term 'ESG' to refer to their policy actions?

    <p>Because ESG is primarily used by the financial industry</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the focus of institutions that consider sustainability in their consumption practices?

    <p>Making moral and ethical choices in regard to consumption</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of MSCI in the context of sustainable development?

    <p>A provider of ESG data and ratings for countries</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of non-financial corporations in terms of sustainability?

    <p>Focusing on sustainability goals and practices</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of multilateral development banks in sustainable development?

    <p>To align their work with sustainable development principles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of the UN Principles for Responsible Investment?

    <p>It embedded the term ESG into the financial industry</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of SDG 7.b?

    <p>Promoting investment in clean energy technology in developing countries</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary benefit of nature-based solutions for climate change?

    <p>Providing climate change mitigation and adaptation benefits</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary requirement for a successful nature-based climate solution?

    <p>Targeting a combination of SDGs 13, 14, and 15</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of actions to protect ecosystems such as forests and grasslands?

    <p>Conserving biodiversity and ecosystem services</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary challenge of implementing nature-based solutions for climate change?

    <p>Addressing human-caused climate change and societal challenges</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of the SDGs adopted by the UN?

    <p>Promoting sustainable development and eradicating poverty</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of the social metrics in ESG criteria?

    <p>A company's treatment of its employees and managers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between climate change and ESG?

    <p>Climate change is related to the 'E' category of ESG but also affects other stakeholders</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of governance in ESG criteria?

    <p>A company's leadership, including board composition and executive compensation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of ESG information?

    <p>To gauge companies—and sometimes other entities—on their environmental, social, and governance performance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is ESG information often presented by companies and data firms?

    <p>In a score or rating that condenses ESG information</p> Signup and view all the answers

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