Sustainability Chapter 3 Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What is the definition of matter?

Anything that can change state under normal conditions.

A substance that can be broken down into smaller components.

Anything that takes up space and has mass. (correct)

A form of energy that can influence physical objects.

Which statement accurately describes an atom?

It is a type of compound made of multiple elements.

It can be broken down into smaller particles.

It is the smallest unit of an element that retains its properties. (correct)

It can exist independently without forming bonds.

What is the Law of Conservation of Mass?

Mass can be transformed into energy under specific conditions.

The total mass before and after a chemical reaction remains unchanged. (correct)

Mass can be created but cannot be destroyed.

Mass is irrelevant in chemical reactions.

In which part of the pH scale do we classify acids?

Below 7 Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes elements from compounds?

Elements cannot be broken down into simpler substances. Signup and view all the answers

What is a base in terms of its reaction with water?

A compound that produces hydroxide ions or reduces hydrogen ions when dissolved. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best explains the ancient Greeks' belief about matter?

They proposed four elements: earth, air, fire, and water. Signup and view all the answers

What happens to energy once it has been used in a system?

It can be converted into other forms but cannot be created or destroyed. Signup and view all the answers

Which particles within an atom do NOT determine its electric charge?

Neutrons Signup and view all the answers

What is the main characteristic of a phase change in matter?

It changes from one state to another. Signup and view all the answers

What kind of energy is associated with an object in motion?

Kinetic energy Signup and view all the answers

According to the Second Law of Thermodynamics, what happens to energy with each transfer?

Some energy is degraded as heat. Signup and view all the answers

Primary producers in an ecosystem are responsible for which process?

Transforming sunlight into chemical energy. Signup and view all the answers

What term describes the energy stored in an object that has yet to be released?

Potential energy Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about entropy is true?

Entropy tends to increase over time. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following forms of energy involves the interaction of charged particles?

Electrical energy Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

What is Matter?

Matter is anything that occupies space and has mass, existing typically in solid, liquid, or gas states.
The mass of an object refers to the quantity of matter it contains.
Elements are pure substances that cannot be broken down further, such as gold and calcium.
Atoms are the fundamental units of elements, preserving all properties of that element.

Law of Conservation of Mass

The Law states that matter cannot be created or destroyed in a chemical reaction.
During reactions, the total mass of reactants equals the total mass of products, even if the arrangement of atoms changes.
Example: Burning wood results in the formation of carbon dioxide, water vapor, and ash while maintaining the total number of atoms.

Acids and Bases

Acids produce positively charged hydrogen ions (H+) in water, while bases produce negatively charged hydroxide ions (OH–).
The pH scale ranges from 0 to 14: a pH below 7 indicates acidity; a pH above 7 indicates basicity.

Matter Changes

Matter can undergo phase changes (solid, liquid, gas) without altering its chemical composition.
Phase changes occur due to variations in heat and pressure but do not affect the molecular structure itself.
Gases can experience pressure changes from molecular collisions within their containers.

What is Energy?

Energy is defined as the capacity to perform work, which involves applying force over a distance.
Kinetic energy refers to the energy of motion, while potential energy refers to stored energy awaiting release.
Different forms of energy include mechanical, chemical, electrical, radiant, nuclear, and thermal.

Energy and Thermodynamics

The First Law of Thermodynamics states energy cannot be created or destroyed, only converted from one form to another.
The Second Law indicates that energy transfer leads to some energy being lost as heat, increasing system entropy (disorder).
Energy conversions are inherently inefficient due to entropy.

Trophic Levels and Energy Flow

Ecological categorization of organisms includes trophic levels, representing their position in the food chain.
Primary producers (plants, algae, bacteria) convert sunlight into chemical energy via photosynthesis.
Primary consumers rely on these producers for energy directly.

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Description

Explore the fundamental concepts of matter and energy in this quiz based on Chapter 3. You'll learn about the building blocks of sustainability, the states of matter, and the nature of energy. Test your understanding of these essential scientific principles.