Physics Chapter on Matter and Energy

<p>It has the ability to ionize atoms (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Weight is the measure of the force exerted by gravity on an object's mass (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Proton (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>0 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>K shell (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It becomes ionized (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The number of protons determines the element (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Is electrically neutral (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>2 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>34 eV (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Potential energy (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Kinetic energy (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Joule (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Chemical energy (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Energy equals mass times the speed of light. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Energy of motion at the molecular level (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Nuclear energy (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Electromagnetic radiation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>2 protons and 2 neutrons (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It varies, being less than one second to thousands of years. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>X rays (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Gamma rays are emitted from the nucleus, X rays are produced in electron shells. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Distance between two corresponding points of adjacent waves (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>4 amu and 2 units of positive charge are lost. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The speed of the wave divided by the wavelength (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They have the lowest penetrating power. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It continues in a straight line tangent to its direction of motion. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>K shell electrons generally have higher binding energies than L shell electrons. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>56 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Different mass numbers but the same atomic number. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Compound (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Same mass number but different atomic numbers. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Covalent bonding (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Atomic number (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Neutrons = Mass number - Atomic number (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hot, Cold, Wet, Dry (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Atom (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Dalton showed that elements could be classified based on their atomic mass. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Nucleus (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Bohr model (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Atomic number (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Particle acceleration (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It failed to explain the scattering of alpha particles by a thin gold foil. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Anything that occupies space and has mass.

Energy emitted and transferred through matter.

A reaction where radiation removes an electron from an atom.

The quantity of matter in a physical object, constant in the universe.

The gravitational force on an object's mass.

Weight changes with gravity; mass stays constant.

The ability to do work, measured in joules.

Energy due to an object's position or state.

Energy possessed by moving objects.

Energy released during a chemical reaction.

Energy from moving electrons through a wire.

Kinetic energy at the molecular level; heat.

Energy stored in an atom's nucleus.

An atom where the number of electrons equals the number of protons.

The basic building blocks of an atom: electrons, protons, and neutrons.

An electron has a negative charge of 1 unit.

The nucleus contains protons and neutrons (nucleons).

Protons have a positive charge; neutrons are neutral.

Electrons exist in shells, which represent different energy levels.

A unit to express atomic particle mass; 1 amu = 1/12th carbon-12 mass.

Energy required to eject an electron from an atom, about 34 eV.

Composed of earth, water, wind, and fire; basic elements of matter.

Particles smaller than atoms; includes electrons, protons, and neutrons.

Elements consist of identical atoms, each has a specific atomic mass.

Arrangement of elements by increasing atomic mass showing periodic properties.

The number of protons in an atom's nucleus; defines the element.

Model of the atom as a positive mass with negative charges throughout.

Describes the atom with a dense, positive nucleus and negative electron cloud.

Atoms have electrons in fixed orbits around a positive nucleus, like planets around the sun.

Strength of attachment of an electron to the nucleus.

Number of protons in an atom's nucleus.

Total number of protons and neutrons in a nucleus.

Atoms with the same atomic number but different mass numbers.

Atoms with the same mass number but different atomic numbers.

Atoms with the same number of neutrons but different atomic numbers.

Atoms with the same atomic and mass numbers but different arrangements.

Structures formed from atoms of various elements combining.

Atoms share electrons to achieve full outer shells.

Substance formed from two or more different element atoms combining.

Release of an alpha particle (2 protons, 2 neutrons) from a heavy isotope.

Time for half of a substance to decay into stable isotopes.

Categories: Particulate (alpha, beta) and electromagnetic (x, gamma rays).

Energy waves with no mass/charge; includes x-rays and gamma rays.

Distance between two corresponding points on adjacent waves.

Number of wave peaks passing a point in a time interval.

Wavelength and frequency are inversely proportional for x-rays.

X-rays measured in Angstroms; 1 Angstrom = 10^-10 meters.