Sustainability and Climate Change Initiatives
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Questions and Answers

Which city experienced a population decline of 5.5% from 2016 to 2021?

  • Delhi
  • Tokyo
  • Dhaka
  • Mumbai (correct)

    • Which of the following factors is considered a human factor influencing population density?

  • Natural resources availability
  • Job opportunities (correct)
  • Favorable climate
  • Geographical features

    • What is the population density of Madrid compared to Spain's national average?

  • Madrid has the same density as national average.
  • Madrid's density is not comparable to national average.
  • Madrid has a lower density than national average.
  • Madrid has a higher density than national average. (correct)

    • Which of the following cities has a population greater than 20 million?

    <p>Cairo</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of global megacities is located in Asia according to the population distribution mentioned?

    <p>82%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the capital of Ghana?

    <p>Accra</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which capital city corresponds to Morocco?

    <p>Rabat</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which country has Beijing as its capital?

    <p>China</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Identify the capital city of Madagascar.

    <p>Antananarivo</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the capital of South Africa?

    <p>Cape Town</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of Human Geography?

    <p>Socio-economic and political relationships in space</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does population structure impact political and economic systems?

    <p>It influences political stability and economic health.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes population distribution?

    <p>It varies significantly between densely and sparsely populated areas.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the Rate of Natural Increase (RNI) indicate?

    <p>The balance of birth and death rates.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which demographic indicator measures deaths per 1,000 live births of children under one year of age?

    <p>Infant Mortality Rate (IMR)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is implied by a low Infant Mortality Rate (IMR)?

    <p>Advanced healthcare systems.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of megacities according to the content?

    <p>They exhibit growth driven by transportation and service sectors.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do people migrate from rural areas?

    <p>To search for better living conditions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What demographic changes are projected for Spain by 2030?

    <p>Growth in the elderly demographic and a decline in the working-age population</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the major urban challenges mentioned regarding cities?

    <p>Increased poverty and resource strain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What year did the International Criminal Court (ICC) become operational?

    <p>2002</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor contributes to low birth rates in cities like Tokyo, Osaka, and Beijing?

    <p>Cultural shifts encouraging smaller families</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organization plays a role in addressing crimes against humanity globally?

    <p>International Criminal Court (ICC)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary goal of the ICC as outlined in its mission?

    <p>To ensure that the most serious crimes do not go unpunished</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the demographic trend in Spain indicate about future policy needs?

    <p>Need for immigration and workforce development policies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which treaty outlines the jurisdiction and principles of the ICC?

    <p>Rome Statute</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What climatic features primarily define the semi-desert mentioned?

    <p>Full sun exposure year-round with low annual rainfall</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which species is NOT associated with the described badlands ecosystem?

    <p>Lions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is notable about the Limpopo River?

    <p>It serves as a boundary between several countries.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement about Mount Kilimanjaro is true?

    <p>It is a stratovolcano comprised of ash, lava, and rock.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant environmental change observed at Mount Kilimanjaro?

    <p>A loss of 90% of its ice layer since the 1900s.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which river is mentioned as the second largest that flows into the Indian Ocean?

    <p>Limpopo River</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which tribe is mentioned as having lived near Mount Kilimanjaro for centuries?

    <p>Chagga Tribe</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What ecological role does Mount Kilimanjaro play for surrounding areas?

    <p>It is a major source of water flow necessary for agriculture.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was one of the results of the Comprehensive Peace Agreement of 2005?

    <p>A referendum leading to South Sudan's independence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What challenge did the ICC face regarding the arrest of Omar al-Bashir?

    <p>Al-Bashir's ability to travel to ICC member states</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What major event occurred in December 2018 in Sudan?

    <p>Protests erupted due to rising living costs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was a significant consequence of South Sudan gaining independence?

    <p>Deterioration of Sudan's economic condition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did the protests against al-Bashir's rule symbolize?

    <p>A broader movement against authoritarian governance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What underlying issue did the Second Sudanese Civil War highlight?

    <p>Ethnic divisions between Northern and Southern Sudan</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was one of the charges faced by Omar al-Bashir?

    <p>Corruption and illicit enrichment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What political response was made by Sudan following al-Bashir's removal?

    <p>Plans to hand al-Bashir over to the ICC</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Key Global Actions for Sustainability

    • Transition to clean renewable energy and enhance energy efficiency
    • Protect biodiversity and ecosystems
    • Minimize waste and encourage recycling/reusing resources
    • Develop environmentally friendly transport systems
    • International agreements addressing climate change
    • Promote environmental education and public awareness

    Conference of the Parties (COP)

    • Annual meetings to address global climate issues
    • Key event for climate negotiations (e.g., COP26, 2021)
    • Reaffirmed the Paris Agreement
    • Emphasized the target to limit global warming to 1.5°C, noting potential losses of life with each degree of warming

    Core Goals to Combat Climate Change

    • Achieve Global Net Zero by Mid-Century
      • Phasing out coal
      • Reducing deforestation
      • Accelerating the shift to electric vehicles
      • Increasing investments in renewable energy
    • Adapt to Climate Change Impacts
      • Restore ecosystems
      • Create resilient infrastructure and agriculture
      • Develop early-warning systems

    Mobilizing Climate Finance

    • Developed countries commit to $100 billion/year by 2030 in climate funding
    • Private/public sector collaboration needed for sustainable future

    Finland: A Leader in Environmental Policy

    • Carbon Neutrality target: 2035
    • Legislation: mandatory climate action plans every 4 years and transparent progress monitoring
    • Renewable Energy Investments goal: 50% of energy mix by 2030 -Incentives for wind, solar, and bioenergy
    • Biodiversity Plan: halt biodiversity loss by 2030, protecting habitats and restoring ecosystems
    • Protected Areas covering 12% of Finland's land

    Major Environmental Challenges

    • Climate Change: Driven by CO2 emissions, which have risen by 50% since 1990.
    • Pollution, Chemical/Physical/Biological in nature
    • Deforestation: habitat loss of 15% of global vegetation in 50 years
    • Soil Degradation: damaged by contaminants from industry and waste management
    • Water Scarcity: 1.8 billion people may face severe shortages by 2025

    Sustainable Energy and Sources

    • Renewable/non-depleting sources, improving efficiency
    • Fossil Fuels: high emissions and resource depletion
    • Nuclear: hazardous radioactive waste
    • Wind Farms: potential impact on local wildlife
    • Hydropower: habitat fragmentation from dams

    Water Crisis and Pollution Key Facts

    • Unsafe water causes over 500,000 deaths annually from diseases like cholera and typhoid.
    • Pollution of water resources (rivers, lakes, oceans)

    Spain Agriculture

    • Agricultural use of water resources (80%) compared to urban (14%) and industrial (6%)

    Global Frameworks

    • Paris Agreement (2015): goal to limit global temperature rise to below 2°C (or preferably 1.5°C).
    • Agenda 2030 Key Goals: access to safe water and sanitation, clean energy, and sustainable industries.
    • Papal Encyclical: Pope Francis on moral obligation to act against climate change.
    • United Nations Environment Program (UNEP): definition of green economy (improving human welfare, reducing environmental risks, natural resource consumption).

    Green Entrepreneurship

    • Embedding sustainability into business models
    • Recognising sustainability as essential for long-term success
    • Contributing to the enhancement of natural heritage
    • Foreign investment in greenfield projects in Spain (€18 billion in 2019)

    North and South America

    • Amazon River: largest river by water volume (1/5 of global freshwater).
    • Biodiversity: supports 10% of the world's species. Seasonal flooding fertilizes the soil.
    • Aconcagua Mountain: highest peak in South America/both hemispheres

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    Description

    This quiz covers key global actions for sustainability, including the transition to renewable energy and the importance of international agreements like COP. Test your knowledge on strategies to combat climate change and protect ecosystems. Learn about goals for achieving global net zero and adapting to climate impacts.

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