Surveying Principles and Techniques Quiz

A type of survey specifically designed to determine the depth and shape of the seabed.

A fundamental principle in surveying that ensures measurements are consistent throughout a survey project.

Errors that occur due to accidental mistakes or miscalculations. They require re-measurement in the field to be corrected.

The initial stage of a survey where the surveyor gathers information about the area to be surveyed, including existing features and potential obstacles.

The return energy from a laser beam emitted by a total station is processed to calculate distance measurements.

The energy that bounces back to the Total Station from a target, providing crucial information for distance measurements.

The primary accessory to the Theodolite, a leveling rod is used in conjunction with a Theodolite to determine elevations and vertical distances.

EDM stands for Electronic Distance Measurement, a modern technology that uses electromagnetic waves to determine distances quickly and accurately.

A map showing the change in elevation along a line, typically the centerline of a road. It is created by capturing data at predetermined intervals along the road, typically using a level and a rod.

A type of leveling used when precise elevation differences are required between distant points, especially over uneven terrain. This method accounts for the curvature of the Earth and atmospheric refraction.

Used to make small horizontal adjustments to the leveling instrument, ensuring it is perfectly aligned for precise readings.

The final elevation of a point is calculated by adding the height of the instrument to the reading on the leveling rod.

Rocking the leveling rod from side to side during readings can introduce errors, as it can affect the accuracy of the reading due to uneven distribution of weight.

A test used to verify the accuracy of a level by establishing a line of sight and then checking for discrepancies in readings between two pegs.

Error that occurs when the image of the target does not align perfectly with the crosshairs in the instrument, caused by improper focusing. It is corrected by adjusting the focusing screw on the instrument.

A small sight on an automatic level used to roughly align the instrument with the leveling rod, before performing precise adjustments with the main telescope.

An error that is caused by random factors, such as human error or environmental conditions, that are not consistent and therefore difficult to predict or control.

The unit of measurement commonly used in the imperial system, which is a system of weights and measures that originated in the United Kingdom.

A portion of land that is clearly defined and identified for ownership or management purposes. It is assigned a unique identifier for easy reference and record keeping.

Metadata refers to data that describes other data, providing context, information, or background details about the data's characteristics. It helps understand the significance and meaning of the data.

A method used to measure long lines using a tape and rods by breaking the line into smaller segments. This is necessary when the line is longer than the tape or when the terrain is uneven. It ensures accurate measurement.

A global navigation satellite system (GNSS) that provides accurate location, distance, and direction information. It utilizes satellite signals to determine the user's position on Earth.

A system of measuring land and boundaries using a tape and rods. It requires accurate measurements of all sides and angles of the property.

The act of searching for and examining records related to a specific property, such as its ownership, boundaries, and legal history. Records, like plans, deeds, and surveys, provide information used for land management and transactions.

Types of errors caused by human mistakes, such as misreading measurements or miscalculations. Unlike systematic errors, they are unpredictable and occur randomly.

The process of determining the location and elevation of points on the Earth's surface, using specialized equipment and techniques.

A surveying instrument that precisely measures distances using electromagnetic waves. It's a key tool for accurate measurements on vast distances.

A precise optical instrument used in surveying to measure horizontal and vertical angles. It's a crucial tool for determining the relative positions of points.

A surveying instrument that uses a laser beam to measure distances. It's highly accurate and commonly used in various applications.

Determining the relative heights of points on or below the earth's surface.

A simple leveling exercise uses an automatic level, leveling staff, a tripod, a ranging rod, and a rod bubble.

The method of leveling that measures the elevation between two points, often used in construction and engineering.

The leveling technique uses a total station or GPS to determine the elevation of points and create contours, often used to model the entire terrain.

A technique using aerial or Lidar technology to determine the elevations of vast areas, creating detailed 3D models.

Minimizing errors by ensuring the leveling instrument is equidistant from the backsight and foresight.

The Height of Instrument (HI) is calculated by adding the benchmark elevation to the backsight reading.

Leveling is used to determine elevations, set building floor levels, find the altitude of points, and establish boundaries.

Pacing involves estimating distances by walking and counting steps, often using a fixed stride length. It's generally considered the least precise method for determining distances in surveying.

An acre is a unit of area commonly used in imperial systems. It's equivalent to 4,840 square yards.

Consistency in surveying ensures that the methods and instruments used throughout a project remain the same. Maintaining consistency helps ensure accuracy and reliability.

At the Survey Department (or similar government offices), parcels of land are identified using a unique combination of Island, Section, Block, and Parcel Number.

Surveyors rely heavily on trigonometry, which is the branch of mathematics dealing with the relationships between angles and sides of triangles. This knowledge is essential for precise calculations and measurements.

While dense tree cover can affect satellite signals, it's not the main limitation of GPS. GPS relies on clear line of sight with satellites, so obstructions like dense foliage can impact accuracy.

Robotic total stations can automatically move to preprogrammed positions and have remote communication, improving efficiency and accuracy. However, they still require an operator to control the device.

Stakeout refers to the process of marking specific locations on the ground, using stakes or other markers, which is often done during the construction phase of a project to ensure that buildings or features are placed in their correct positions.

The surveyor uses knowledge of mathematics, especially trigonometry, to calculate distances, angles, and elevations. They also apply principles of physics to understand the behavior of light, gravity, and other forces that affect measurements.

Stakeout involves marking the location of features or points on the ground, typically using stakes, paint, or other visible markers. Surveyors use these marks to guide construction or other activities.

Early Egyptians utilized ropes to measure distances and establish boundaries, reflecting the early surveying techniques.

Professional surveyors have an ethical duty to ensure the integrity of boundaries and to act in the public interest, ensuring accurate measurements and fair representation of property lines. However, initiating boundary disputes is generally considered unethical.

Digital levels allow for both electronic and manual leveling measurements. The electronic mode leverages digital sensors and data processing to automatically acquire leveled readings.

A leveling rod with a bar code is used with a digital level in 'electronic mode' to record measurements. It provides a precise and efficient way to capture elevation data electronically.

Dense tree cover can obstruct GPS signals, limiting the effectiveness of GPS surveying. To avoid this limitation, surveyors might need to use alternative methods or employ more extensive clear line of sight techniques.

A 360-degree prism is not a standard type of prism used in surveying. Common types include 90-degree, 45-degree, and mini prisms.