Working from Whole to Part in Surveying: Principle and Benefits

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Questions and Answers

What is a fundamental rule in surveying according to the text?

Working from whole to part (correct)
Beginning with small areas
Working from part to whole
Starting with subsidiary details first

What is the purpose of laying down an overall system of control points in surveying?

To ignore details in the survey
To work on details before the whole
To increase errors in surveying
To fix positions accurately for control (correct)

How are errors managed in surveying based on the principle discussed?

By ignoring them
By not using control points
By expanding the overall size of the survey
By containing them within the control framework (correct)

What are primary control points used for in surveying?

Creating large triangles based on theoretic points (B) Signup and view all the answers

Why are secondary control points established according to the text?

To fill gaps with lesser precision than primary control points (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is a key consideration for obtaining good results in surveying?

Taking simple fundamental principles into consideration (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of using pegs in surveying?

To mark permanent points like intersection points of survey lines (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic feature of Ranging Rods used in surveying?

They have a pointed steel shoe at the tip (C) Signup and view all the answers

In surveying, what is the main function of an Optical Square?

To set up lines at an angle to the main chain line (A) Signup and view all the answers

What does a Cross Staff consist of in surveying instruments?

Two pairs of vanes set at different angles (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of a Clinometer in surveying?

To measure angles of ground slopes (A) Signup and view all the answers

How is the Abney Level typically used in surveying?

To measure angles of ground slopes (A) Signup and view all the answers

What should be avoided in survey records and computations?

Anonymous figures (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which term allows a certain amount of tolerance in a measurement?

Accuracy (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the importance of frequent checks during surveying computations?

To detect any unreliable results (C) Signup and view all the answers

In surveying, what does precision demand?

Exact measurement (C) Signup and view all the answers

What should be done if the distances between stations do not correspond with the measured horizontal distance?

Check for plotting errors (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is essential when selecting surveying equipment?

Select equipment appropriate to the task (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of pacing in distance measurement during surveying?

Count the number of paces for approximate results (D) Signup and view all the answers

What does a small standard error indicate about a set of observations in surveying?

Closely grouped observations with small deviations from the sample mean (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is preferred in survey work: accuracy or precision?

High degree of accuracy over precision (A) Signup and view all the answers

What influence should the ultimate drawings have on the standard accuracy achieved in fieldwork during surveying?

The accuracy should be higher than necessary for the drawings size (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of surveying from the whole to the part?

To localize the errors (A) Signup and view all the answers

During the reconnaissance survey phase, what is the main objective?

To take an overall inspection of the area to be surveyed (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of fixing more points using measurements from two control parts?

To locate various other points accurately (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of passing through the reconnaissance, field work and measurement, and office work phases in the survey process?

To ensure scientific accuracy and completeness (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is an essential principle emphasized in surveying for maintaining accuracy?

Checking measurements to ensure correctness (C) Signup and view all the answers

Why is it important to localize errors in surveying?

To reduce errors and inaccuracies (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of walking through the site during the reconnaissance survey phase?

To determine the scale to be used in the survey (D) Signup and view all the answers

Why is it important to maintain honesty in surveying?

To show professionalism and avoid distortions (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which phase of the survey process involves actual measurements in the field?

Field work and measurement (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is one key responsibility of assistants during a survey?

Listening carefully to instructions and carrying them out accurately (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of knowing the average pace length in surveying?

To use in reconnaissance surveys and small-scale mapping (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which method involves direct measurement of distances with a tape or chain?

Taping (chaining) (A) Signup and view all the answers

What are the three different types of chains used in taking measurements?

Engineers chain, Gunters chain, Steel bands (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which type of measuring tape is liable to stretch in use and should be frequently tested for length?

Linen or Linen with steel wire woven into the fabric (A) Signup and view all the answers

What are arrows used for in surveying?

For marking temporary stations (A) Signup and view all the answers

What material are pegs made of in surveying?

Wood (B) Signup and view all the answers

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Study Notes

Fundamental Rules and Principles

A fundamental rule in surveying is to work from the whole to the part.
Precision demands consistency and exactness in measurements and observations.
Accuracy is preferred over precision in survey work.

Control Points

An overall system of control points is laid down to provide a framework for the entire survey.
Primary control points are used as a basis for further measurements.
Secondary control points are established to provide additional reference points.

Error Management

Errors are managed by localizing them to prevent their accumulation and propagation.
Errors are minimized by using multiple control points and checks.

Surveying Instruments

Pegs are used to mark points in surveying.
Ranging Rods are characterized by their fixed length and are used for ranging out lines.
An Optical Square is used to turn angles.
A Cross Staff consists of a sighting telescope and a graduated circle.
A Clinometer is used to measure angles of inclination.
An Abney Level is used to measure angles of inclination and is typically used in mining and geological surveys.

Surveying Techniques

Pacing is used to measure distances during surveying.
The tape or chain method involves direct measurement of distances.
Three types of chains used in taking measurements are: steel band, linen tape, and steel tape.
Steel tape is liable to stretch and should be frequently tested for length.
Arrows are used to mark the direction of lines and boundaries.

Surveying Phases

The reconnaissance survey phase involves walking through the site to identify key features and determine the survey approach.
The main objective of the reconnaissance survey phase is to gather information about the survey area.
The field work and measurement phase involves actual measurements in the field.
The office work phase involves the processing and analysis of survey data.

Surveying Best Practices

Frequent checks are essential during survey computations to ensure accuracy.
It is essential to maintain honesty in surveying to ensure trustworthy results.
Assistants have the key responsibility of taking accurate notes and measurements.
Knowing the average pace length is important for accurate distance measurement.
Survey records and computations should avoid errors and ambiguities.
A certain amount of tolerance in a measurement is allowed by the term "precision".
The ultimate drawings should influence the standard accuracy achieved in fieldwork.

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Surveying Principle: Working from Whole to Part

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