Surveying Measurements: Understanding Theory of Errors

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What type of errors affect the accuracy of a measurement?

Neither random nor systematic errors

Only random errors

Only systematic errors

Both systematic and gross errors (correct)

What is the sum of all probable errors if only random errors are involved?

Greater than the true error

Less than the true error

Zero (correct)

Equal to the true error

How can the accuracy of a measurement be estimated?

By analyzing the residuals (correct)

By increasing the number of observations

By calculating the true error

By calculating the probable error

What type of error is responsible for a high precision but low accuracy measurement?

Systematic error Signup and view all the answers

What is the true error in a measurement?

The difference between the measured value and the true value Signup and view all the answers

What is the relative error in a measurement?

A measure of the error related to the size of the measurement Signup and view all the answers

What type of error can be minimized by repetition of measurements?

Gross errors Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of systematic errors?

They always have the same magnitude and sign Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between true value and estimated value?

The true value is never known, while the estimated value is an approximation Signup and view all the answers

What type of error is due to imperfections of instrumentation, human senses, and external factors like the wind?

Random errors Signup and view all the answers

How can systematic errors be minimized?

By good maintenance and calibration of instrumentation Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of temperature on surveying measurements?

It introduces errors in the measurements Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of repeating angle measurements at least 3 times?

To increase precision in measurements Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe the process of errors in measurements affecting the calculated values?

Law of Error Propagation Signup and view all the answers

What is the symbol used to represent the standard deviation of a set of observations?

σ Signup and view all the answers

What is the formula used to calculate the standard error of a quantity F, given the standard errors of the independent observations?

SEF = √(∂F/∂L1)^2 + (∂F/∂L2)^2 +... + (∂F/∂Ln)^2 Signup and view all the answers

What is the alternative method to calculate the propagating error, besides using partial derivatives?

Using basic algebra Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of calculating the standard error of a quantity?

To quantify the precision of a measurement Signup and view all the answers