Surveying Measurements: Understanding Theory of Errors
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Questions and Answers

What type of errors affect the accuracy of a measurement?

  • Neither random nor systematic errors
  • Only random errors
  • Only systematic errors
  • Both systematic and gross errors (correct)

    • What is the sum of all probable errors if only random errors are involved?

  • Greater than the true error
  • Less than the true error
  • Zero (correct)
  • Equal to the true error

    • How can the accuracy of a measurement be estimated?

  • By analyzing the residuals (correct)
  • By increasing the number of observations
  • By calculating the true error
  • By calculating the probable error

    • What type of error is responsible for a high precision but low accuracy measurement?

    <p>Systematic error</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the true error in a measurement?

    <p>The difference between the measured value and the true value</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relative error in a measurement?

    <p>A measure of the error related to the size of the measurement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of error can be minimized by repetition of measurements?

    <p>Gross errors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of systematic errors?

    <p>They always have the same magnitude and sign</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between true value and estimated value?

    <p>The true value is never known, while the estimated value is an approximation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of error is due to imperfections of instrumentation, human senses, and external factors like the wind?

    <p>Random errors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can systematic errors be minimized?

    <p>By good maintenance and calibration of instrumentation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of temperature on surveying measurements?

    <p>It introduces errors in the measurements</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of repeating angle measurements at least 3 times?

    <p>To increase precision in measurements</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe the process of errors in measurements affecting the calculated values?

    <p>Law of Error Propagation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the symbol used to represent the standard deviation of a set of observations?

    <p>σ</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the formula used to calculate the standard error of a quantity F, given the standard errors of the independent observations?

    <p>SEF = √(∂F/∂L1)^2 + (∂F/∂L2)^2 +... + (∂F/∂Ln)^2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the alternative method to calculate the propagating error, besides using partial derivatives?

    <p>Using basic algebra</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of calculating the standard error of a quantity?

    <p>To quantify the precision of a measurement</p> Signup and view all the answers

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