Surveying Definitions and Concepts
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Questions and Answers

What is the first stage in the process of surveying?

  • Reconnaissance study
  • Observation and Measurement
  • Presentation of Data
  • Taking a general view (correct)

    • What does surveying involve according to the text?

  • Measuring only manmade features on earth's surface
  • Determining the boundaries and sizes of land only
  • Obtaining an overall view before any survey work is done (correct)
  • Presenting data for estimation purposes only

    • Which type of surveyor deals with valuation of properties?

  • Building surveyor
  • Mining surveyor
  • Valuation surveyor (correct)
  • Quantity surveyor

    • What does the stage of 'Observation and Measurement' involve?

    <p>Measuring relative positions and sizes of features</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which school of thought defines surveying as making measurements of relative positions of features?

    <p>Another school of thought</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is 'Taking a general view' considered important in surveying?

    <p>To obtain an overall picture before starting any survey work</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between plane surveying and geodetic surveying?

    <p>Plane surveying assumes the earth's surface is flat, while geodetic surveying considers the earth's true shape.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of surveying is used for most engineering projects like canal, railway, highway, building, pipeline constructions?

    <p>Plane surveying</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of an engineering survey?

    <p>To acquire data for planning and executing engineering projects</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of a topographic survey?

    <p>Depicting natural and manmade features on the earth's surface</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which kind of survey makes use of observations of heavenly bodies to determine locations on the earth's surface?

    <p>Astronomical Survey</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes chain tape surveys from plane table surveys?

    <p>The type of instrument used</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the process of surveying involve according to the text?

    <p>Observation, measurement, and data presentation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is 'Taking a general view' considered important in surveying?

    <p>To get an overall picture of what is required</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of presenting survey data in a suitable form?

    <p>To ensure clear interpretation by others</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which stage of surveying involves determining the relative positions and sizes of natural and artificial features on land?

    <p>Observation and Measurement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In surveying, what is achieved during the reconnaissance study?

    <p>Obtaining an overall picture of what is required</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which profession deals with making measurements of the relative positions of natural and manmade features on earth?

    <p>Surveyor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes plane surveying from geodetic surveying?

    <p>The curvature of the earth considered</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of survey is used to determine property boundaries?

    <p>Cadastral survey</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which type of surveying are all angles considered to be plane angles?

    <p>Plane surveying</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes topographic survey from cadastral survey?

    <p>Type of objects surveyed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of survey involves depicting hills, valleys, and manmade features on the earth's surface?

    <p>Topographic survey</p> Signup and view all the answers

    For which type of surveys is the true shape of the earth (spheroid) taken into account?

    <p>Geodetic surveys</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary objective of the 'Observation and Measurement' stage in surveying?

    <p>To calculate the area of the land accurately</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is presenting survey data in a suitable form crucial?

    <p>To ensure the data can be interpreted clearly by others</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During a reconnaissance study in land surveying, what is typically achieved?

    <p>Obtaining an overall picture of what is required</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the purpose of a topographic survey?

    <p>To illustrate hills, valleys, and manmade features on the earth's surface</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Taking a general view' in surveying refers to:

    <p>Obtaining an overview of what is required before starting survey work</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which characteristic distinguishes cadastral surveys from topographic surveys?

    <p>Determining property boundaries instead of land features</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the key difference between plane surveying and geodetic surveying?

    <p>Plane surveying considers the mean surface of the Earth as a plane, while geodetic surveying accounts for the true shape of the Earth (spheroid).</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of surveying is primarily used for small areas less than 250 km2?

    <p>Plane surveying</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes topographic survey from engineering survey?

    <p>Topographic surveys depict hills and valleys, while engineering surveys gather data for engineering projects.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of survey is used for navigation and tidal monitoring in large water bodies?

    <p>Marine or Hydrographic Survey</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which classification of surveying do surveys get divided based on the instruments used?

    <p>Classification based on the instruments used</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the key role of city surveys in relation to town construction and development?

    <p>Involving roads and drainage development</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the preferred geometric shape used in surveying to cover irregularly shaped areas with minimum space left?

    <p>Triangle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In surveying, what is the process called when establishing lines linking points on the ground?

    <p>Traversing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do you call each of the points linked by lines in a traverse survey?

    <p>Traverse Station</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of traverse in surveying forms a closed circuit?

    <p>Closed Traverse</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used for a traverse where connected lines extend along a general direction and do not return to the starting point?

    <p>Open Traverse</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of traversing in surveying?

    <p>To establish positions of surrounding points</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of a geological survey?

    <p>To determine the structure and arrangement of rock strata</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of survey uses a magnetic compass for horizontal angular measurements?

    <p>Plane table survey</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main focus of an archeological survey?

    <p>To map ancient relics and antiquities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which classification of surveying involves making surveys manageable by covering an area with series of triangles?

    <p>Triangulation Survey</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does a level survey primarily involve?

    <p>Measuring and mapping relative heights of points on the earth's surface</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which surveying method involves quick field surveys with measurements and drawings made simultaneously?

    <p>Plane table survey</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Definition and Process of Surveying

    • Surveying is defined as taking a general view of, by observation and measurement determining the boundaries, size, position, quantity, condition, value, etc. of land, estates, buildings, farms, mines, etc. and finally presenting the survey data in a suitable form.
    • The process of surveying involves three stages: (i) Taking a general view, (ii) Observation and Measurement, and (iii) Presentation of Data.

    Types of Surveying

    • There are two main categories of surveying: Plane surveying and Geodetic surveying.
    • Plane surveying: considers the mean surface of the earth as a plane, suitable for small areas (<250 km2), and used for most engineering projects.
    • Geodetic surveying: takes into account the true shape of the earth (spheroid).

    Classification of Surveying

    Classification on the Basis of Instruments Used

    • Chain tape surveys
    • Compass surveys
    • Plane table surveys
    • Theodolite surveys

    Classification based on the Surface and the Area Surveyed

    • Land survey:
      • Topographic survey: depicts hills, valleys, mountains, rivers, and manmade features on the surface of the earth.
      • Cadastral survey: determines property boundaries.
      • Engineering survey: acquires data for the planning, design, and execution of engineering projects.
      • City survey: involves the construction and development of towns.
    • Marine or Hydrographic Survey: surveys large water bodies for navigation, tidal monitoring, and construction of harbors.
    • Astronomical Survey: uses observations of heavenly bodies to fix the absolute locations of places on the surface of the earth.

    Classification on the Basis of Purpose

    • Engineering survey
    • Control Survey: uses geodetic methods to establish widely spaced vertical and horizontal control points.
    • Geological Survey: determines the structure and arrangement of rock strata.
    • Military or Defense Survey: maps places of military and strategic importance.
    • Archeological survey: discovers and maps ancient relics of antiquity.

    Traverse Survey

    • Traverse survey involves running lines round the perimeter of the plot and fixing details in relation to the established lines.
    • Types of traverses: Closed Traverse (forms a closed circuit) and Open Traverse (extends along a general direction and does not return to the starting point).

    Leveling

    • Leveling is the measurement and mapping of the relative heights of points on the earth's surface.

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    Description

    Explore the definitions and concepts related to surveying, including determining boundaries, size, and position of land and properties. Learn about the different roles within surveying such as valuation surveyor, quantity surveyor, building surveyor, and mining surveyor.

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