Survey of Bacteria: Low G + C Gram-Positive Bacteria

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Questions and Answers

What is unique about the method of reproduction in Epulopiscium and its relatives?

They exhibit viviparity (correct)

They undergo budding

They undergo binary fission

They produce spores

What determines the arrangements of prokaryotic cells?

The type of nutrition

The shape of the cell

The planes in which cells divide and the separation of daughter cells (correct)

The method of reproduction

What is the basis of modern prokaryotic classification?

Morphology

Cell wall composition

Genetic relatedness of rRNA sequences (correct)

Metabolic characteristics

What is the term for the process of producing multiple cells from a single cell?

Binary fission Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the production of spores?

Spore formation Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of Epulopiscium and its relatives that is unique in the prokaryotic world?

They exhibit viviparity Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the process of producing a new cell from a parent cell?

Budding Signup and view all the answers

How many domains are recognized in modern prokaryotic classification?

Three Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic shared by many Clostridia?

They form endospores Signup and view all the answers

What is unique about the cells of Mycoplasmas?

They lack cell walls Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of Bacillus thuringiensis toxin?

It's used as an insecticide by farmers and gardeners Signup and view all the answers

What is a common habitat for Mycoplasmas?

Mucous membranes of the respiratory and urinary tracts Signup and view all the answers

What is the mode of transmission of Rickettsia to humans?

Through bite of an arthropod Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of Bacillus anthracis?

It causes anthrax Signup and view all the answers

What disease is caused by Brucella?

Brucellosis Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of Neisseria?

It inhabits mucous membranes of mammals Signup and view all the answers

What is true about Epulopiscium?

It's a microbe related to Clostridium Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of Burkholderia in cystic fibrosis patients?

It colonizes moist environmental surfaces and respiratory passages Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of Caulobacter?

It is an alphaproteobacterium Signup and view all the answers

What is the disease caused by Bordetella?

Pertussis Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of Thiobacillus in the environment?

Recycling sulfur in the environment Signup and view all the answers

What is unique about the class Betaproteobacteria?

It includes organisms that form flocs Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary characteristic of purple sulfur bacteria?

They are photosynthetic Signup and view all the answers

What is the disease caused by Legionella?

Legionnaires’ disease Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of methane oxidizers?

Using methane as a carbon and energy source Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of Zoogloea?

It forms flocs that assist in sewage treatment Signup and view all the answers

What is the disease caused by Coxiella?

Q fever Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of Sphaerotilus?

It forms flocs that impede flow in waste treatment plants Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary method of carbohydrate catabolism in glycolytic facultative anaerobes?

Glycolysis Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic of Pseudomonas?

Breakdown of numerous organic compounds Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the genus that includes bacteria that are important pathogens of humans and animals?

Pseudomonas Signup and view all the answers

Which class of Gram-Negative Proteobacteria includes a wide variety of metabolic types?

Deltaproteobacteria Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the bacterium that is a pathogen of other Gram-negative bacteria?

Bdellovibrio Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of a glycolytic facultative anaerobe?

Catabolized by glycolysis and the pentose phosphate pathway Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the class that includes Campylobacter and Helicobacter?

Epsilonproteobacteria Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of glycolytic facultative anaerobes that allows them to survive in different environments?

Facultative anaerobic metabolism Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Low G + C Gram-Positive Bacteria

Clostridia are rod-shaped, obligate anaerobes that form endospores and are important in medicine and industry.
Clostridia are related to Epulopiscium, sulfate-reducing microbes, and Selenomonas.
Mycoplasmas are facultative or obligate anaerobes that lack cell walls and are the smallest free-living cells.
Mycoplasmas colonize mucous membranes of the respiratory and urinary tracts.
Other low G + C Gram-positive bacilli and cocci include Bacillus, which forms endospores and is commonly found in soil.
Bacillus thuringiensis toxin is used as an insecticide by farmers and gardeners, while Bacillus anthracis causes anthrax.

General Characteristics of Prokaryotic Organisms

Epulopiscium and its relatives have a unique method of reproduction, known as viviparity, where live offspring emerge from the body of the dead mother cell.
Prokaryotic cells can have different arrangements, such as chains or clusters, depending on the planes in which they divide and the separation of daughter cells.

Modern Prokaryotic Classification

Modern prokaryotic classification is based on genetic relatedness of rRNA sequences.
There are three domains: Archaea, Bacteria, and Eukarya.

Gram-Negative Proteobacteria

Class Alphaproteobacteria includes pathogenic alphaproteobacteria, such as Rickettsia, which is transmitted through the bite of an arthropod and causes several human diseases, and Brucella, which causes brucellosis.
Other alphaproteobacteria include Acetobacter, Gluconobacter, and Caulobacter.
Class Betaproteobacteria includes pathogenic betaproteobacteria, such as Neisseria, which inhabits mucous membranes of mammals and causes numerous diseases, and Bordetella, which causes pertussis.
Other betaproteobacteria include Thiobacillus, which recycles sulfur in the environment, and Zoogloea, which forms flocs that assist in the treatment of sewage.
Class Gammaproteobacteria is the largest and most diverse class of proteobacteria, divided into subgroups such as purple sulfur bacteria, intracellular pathogens, methane oxidizers, glycolytic facultative anaerobes, and Pseudomonads.
Intracellular pathogens include Legionella, which causes Legionnaires' disease, and Coxiella, which causes Q fever.
Methane oxidizers use methane as a carbon and energy source and inhabit anaerobic environments.
Glycolytic facultative anaerobes catabolize carbohydrates by glycolysis and the pentose phosphate pathway.
Pseudomonads break down numerous organic compounds and are important pathogens of humans and animals.
Class Deltaproteobacteria includes a wide variety of metabolic types, such as Desulfovibrio, Bdellovibrio, and Myxobacteria.
Class Epsilonproteobacteria includes important genera such as Campylobacter and Helicobacter.

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Description

This quiz covers the characteristics and importance of Low G + C Gram-Positive Bacteria, including Clostridia. It explores their role in medicine and industry, as well as related microbes.