Surveillance Techniques Quiz

Podcast Beta

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

What is the primary purpose of using binoculars in surveillance?

To communicate with other agents

To create a rough sketch of the area

To capture video footage

To enable positive identification of people (correct)

Which method is considered most effective for shadowing a subject?

Progressive method

Direct observation

Two man (correct)

One man

What is crucial to include in a chronological log during surveillance?

The weather conditions at the time

A record of all meaningful occurrences (correct)

Descriptive notes about the surveillance equipment used

Only the time of the first sighting

What distinguishes a rough sketch from a smooth sketch in crime scene documentation?

Rough sketches are drawn free-hand and not modified later Signup and view all the answers

What method divides a search area into smaller quadrants for searching?

Zone method Signup and view all the answers

Which method of shadowing is least likely to yield effective results?

Progressive/Leap from method Signup and view all the answers

In the strip searching method, what should a searcher do upon finding evidence?

Announce the discovery and stop searching Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary benefit of the ABC method in shadowing?

It minimizes the risk of losing the subject Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary condition that justifies an arrest under the Doctrine of Hot Pursuit?

The offense has just been committed and probable cause exists. Signup and view all the answers

When is a police officer allowed to arrest someone without a warrant due to an escapee status?

When they escaped from a penal establishment or while being transferred. Signup and view all the answers

What legal principle allows a person to be arrested without a warrant when they consent to the arrest?

Right to Waive Arrest. Signup and view all the answers

What conditions warrant detention of an accused released on bail attempting to leave the country?

If the accused leaves without prior permission from the court. Signup and view all the answers

Which condition allows law enforcement to conduct an arrest without a warrant related to a mental health issue?

Violent insanity. Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'surveillant' refer to in the context of surveillance?

The person who performs the observation. Signup and view all the answers

What is an important factor when planning surveillance of a place?

The character of the neighborhood and residents. Signup and view all the answers

Which method is NOT valid for conducting surveillance of a place?

Observing openly without concern for being noticed. Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'modus operandi' refer to in criminal investigations?

A distinct pattern of how a crime is committed Signup and view all the answers

How can modus operandi help in criminal investigations?

By linking a criminal to a series of crimes Signup and view all the answers

Which characteristic is NOT true about modus operandi?

It is a legally recognized definition in criminal law Signup and view all the answers

What is a common purpose of identifying a criminal's modus operandi?

To establish a unique profile for the criminal Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best illustrates the concept of modus operandi in a criminal context?

A suspect using a specific type of weapon in multiple robberies Signup and view all the answers

Why is it important for law enforcement to track changes in a criminal's modus operandi?

To predict future criminal activities and evolve response strategies Signup and view all the answers

What could be a potential reason for a criminal to change their modus operandi?

To respond to increased law enforcement pressure Signup and view all the answers

Which category of evidence would best assist in establishing a criminal's modus operandi?

Patterns from previous identical crimes Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Surveillance

Surveillance is the act of observing a person or place.
There are multiple methods of surveillance including tailing, shadowing, and undercover investigations.
Different types of surveillance are used depending on the situation, including the number of surveillants, the volume of pedestrian traffic, and the importance of concealing the surveillance operation.
Common methods of surveillance:
- One-man method: Difficult and should be avoided if possible.
- Two-man method: Two agents follow the subject.
- ABC method: Reduces the risk of losing the subject and increases security for the surveillant.
- Progressive or Leap-frog method: Stations agents at fixed points, assuming the subject follows the same route each day.
- Combined Foot-Auto surveillance: Use agents on foot and in vehicles.
- Plant: Observation point set up in a location that appears to be normal for observation of persons or places.

Crime Scene Sketching

Rough Sketches: Drawn at the crime scene freehand and not to scale. Include accurate distances, dimensions, and relative proportions. No changes should be made to rough sketches after the sketcher leaves the scene.
Smooth or Finish Sketch: A finished sketch, often drawn to scale from the information in the rough sketch. Distances are not necessary if the sketch is drawn to scale.

Searching Methods

Quadrant or zone method: Each quadrant is subdivided into smaller quadrants, and one person is assigned to search each quadrant.
Strip method: The area is divided into rectangular strips. Searchers proceed slowly along paths parallel to one side of the rectangle. Searches are paused when evidence is found to allow for proper handling and documentation.

Warrantless Arrests

Warrantless arrests are permitted in certain circumstances.
Hot pursuit or fresh pursuit: When an offense has just been committed and the officer has probable cause to believe the person committed the offense.
Escapee: When the person to be arrested has escaped from a penal establishment or place of confinement.
Waiver of Rights: When the person consents to the arrest.
Accused released on bail attempts to depart from Philippines without permission: If an accused is released on bail and attempts to leave the Philippines without permission from the court, they can be arrested without a warrant.
Violent Insanity: When a person is exhibiting violent, unpredictable behavior that presents a threat to themselves or others, a warrantless arrest may be permissible.
Ailment requiring operating procedure (SOP) of arrest without Warrant: An arrest can be made without a warrant if the person's illness requires immediate action according to established procedures determined by the police department.

Surveillance Terminology

Surveillant: The person who maintains the surveillance or performs the observation.
Subject: The person or place being watched or surveyed.

Kinds of Surveillance

Surveillance of places: Observation of a specific location for criminal activity.
Tailing or shadowing: Following a person discreetly.
Undercover investigation or roping: Infiltrating a criminal organization or activity.

Identifying Criminals

Known Criminals: Criminals who have been identified by the police.
Unknown Criminals: Criminals who have not been identified by the police.

Methods of Identification

Verbal Description: A witness providing a verbal description of a suspect.
Photographic Files (Rogues Gallery): Comparing a suspect's photograph to photographs of known criminals.
General Photograph: Using general photographs to assist witnesses in identifying a suspect.

Circumstantial Evidence

Motive: The reason or incentive for committing a crime.
Intent: The objective or purpose of the criminal act.
Opportunity: The physical possibility for the suspect to have committed the crime, including:
- Being present at the crime scene at the time of the crime.
- Having knowledge of the criminal objective.
- Lack of an alibi.

Physical Evidence

Corpus Delicti: The "body of the crime," consisting of the essential elements proving the specific crime was committed.
Associative evidence: Pieces of evidence that link the suspect to the crime scene.
Tracing evidence: Articles that aid the investigator in locating the criminal, such as stolen goods.

Modus Operandi

The method of operation used by a specific criminal or criminal syndicate.
Established by a series of crimes under one classification.
Each criminal will have a distinct modus operandi which differs from others, making it a criminal trademark.

Locating Criminals

Informant: Someone who gives information to the police about criminal activity.
Types of Informants:
- Anonymous: Remain unidentified.
- Rival elimination: Provide information to eliminate competitors.
- False: Provide information of little or no value.
- Frightened: Motivated by anxiety or fear.
- Self-aggrandizing: Seek to increase their own importance.
- Mercenary: Give information for money or other rewards.
- Double crosser: Provide false information to manipulate the police.
- Woman informant: Female associate of criminals.

Studying That Suits You

Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

Description

Test your knowledge on various surveillance methods and techniques used in investigations. This quiz covers different approaches such as the one-man and two-man methods, along with more advanced tactics like the ABC and progressive methods. Assess your understanding of how surveillance is adapted based on situational needs.