Surgical Technology Chapter 10 Flashcards

Instrumentation

• Three finishes for surgical instruments: Highly polished, Satin (reduces glare), and Black (Ebony) for laser use.

Metals Used

• Surgical Stainless Steel is most commonly used due to its corrosion resistance. Titanium is also notable.

Cutting/Dissecting Instruments

• Types include Scalpels, Knives, Osteotomes, Gouges, Curettes, Roungers, Scissors, and Chisels, all designed for various cutting needs.

Specific Instruments

• Chisels: Wedge-shaped instruments for cutting or shaping bone.
• Curettes: Used for scraping away bone or cartilage; may have a cup or open wire for scraping.
• Scalpels: Feature detachable, disposable blades with non-disposable handles.
• Knives: Typically interchangeable with scalpels, available as disposable or reusable units.

Scalpel Handles and Blades

• #10, #11, #12, and #15 Blades fit Handles: #3, #7, #9.
• #20 - #29 Blades fit Handle: #4.
• #4 Handle: For cutting heavy tissue or bone.
• #7 Handle: Thinner, used for smaller areas.
• #3 Handle: Available long or short (5.5" to 8.5").

Retractors and Viewing Instruments

• Designed for exposure of operative sites, may be handheld or self-retaining.
• Balfour Retractor: Abdominal use, with interchangeable blades.
• Weitlaner Retractor: Superficial use, self-retaining; available with sharp or dull prongs.
• Bookwalter Retractor: Universal system for deep abdominal retraction.

Suturing Instruments

• Needle Holders used for holding curved suture needles; types include:
  • Baumgartner: Short jaws with a groove.
  • DeBakey: Fine jaws, commonly used in vascular procedures.
  • Mayo-Hegar: Designed for heavy suture needles.
  • Webster: Fine needles, typical in plastic and ENT surgeries.

Suctioning Instruments

• Serve to remove blood and fluids for better visualization during surgery.
• Frazier Suction: Small quantities, used primarily in ENT procedures.
• Poole Suction: For large quantities; its parts must be accounted for in instrument counts.

Instrument Care and Handling

• Divided into three phases: Preoperative, Intraoperative, and Postoperative.
• Preoperative care includes gathering instruments per surgeon's preference.
• Intraoperative care requires anticipating the needs of surgical staff.
• Postoperative care involves cleaning, inspecting, reassembling, sterilizing, and storing instruments.

Sterilization

• Steam sterilization is preferred for speed and cost-effectiveness. Other methods include ethylene oxide and vaporized hydrogen peroxide.

Instrument Sets

• Sets are assembled, sterilized, and standardized per facility requirements. Examples include Gallbladder, Hemorrhoid, and Laparoscopic sets.