Surgical Site Infection Risks Quiz

Wound Classification and Surgical Site Infection Risks

• Wound classifications consist of Clean, Clean Contaminated, Contaminated, and Dirty categories.
• Clean wounds: No inflammation or infection, no break in aseptic technique, risk of postsurgical infection is 1-3%.
• Clean contaminated wounds: Involves entry into respiratory, alimentary, or genitourinary tracts without unusual contamination; risk is 3-7%.
• Contaminated wounds: Characterized by open traumatic wounds or spillage from gastrointestinal tract; risk of infection raises to 7-16%.
• Dirty wounds: Involve traumatic wounds with inflammation or purulent drainage, carrying a high risk of 16-29%.

Commonly Used Intravenous Medications

• Nondepolarizing Muscle Relaxants are generally used as adjunctions to anesthesia for muscle relaxation during surgery.
• d-Tubocurarine: A muscle relaxant that does not affect consciousness but can cause histamine release; primarily used in pretreatment with succinylcholine.
• Metocurine: Another muscle relaxant with slight histamine release during administration.
• Pancuronium: Offers good cardiovascular stability but may increase heart rate and blood pressure; commonly used in surgery with a half-life of 3.6 hours.
• Intravenous Anesthetic Agents: These aid in inducing anesthesia or sedation during procedures.
• Diazepam: Provides amnesia and sedation but has a longer elimination half-life of 3 hours and can be used intrathecally or epidurally.
• Etomidate: Used for induction of general anesthesia with short-acting properties; can cause brief apnea and myotonic movements.
• Ketamine: Provides both induction and maintenance of anesthesia, known for profound analgesia.

Select Regional and Local Anesthetic Agents

• Information is not provided in the text, but selecting appropriate agents is crucial for effective anesthesia and patient comfort.

Opioid Analgesic Agents

• Alfentanil: A potent ultra-short-acting analgesic used mainly for surgical analgesia in ambulatory patients; its effects last about 0.5 hours.