Surgical Oncological Emergencies Overview

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Which of the following is NOT a common surgical oncological emergency?

Urinary tract obstruction

Gastrointestinal tract obstruction

Airway obstruction

Cardiac tamponade (correct)

What is the most important factor in deciding the management of a surgical oncological emergency?

The patient's wishes regarding invasiveness of treatment (correct)

The cancer stage and prognosis

The type and severity of the emergency

The patient's performance status

Which of the following statements is TRUE regarding gastrointestinal tract obstruction in cancer patients?

It is characterized by tolerance to oral intake

It can be characterized by nausea, vomiting, and abdominal pain (correct)

It is always caused by tumor mass

It is a rare condition in surgical oncology practice

What should be considered when deciding on the optimal management of a surgical oncological emergency?

The patient's performance status, cancer stage and prognosis, type and severity of the emergency, and the patient's wishes regarding invasiveness of treatment Signup and view all the answers

What is the most frequent surgical emergency experienced by cancer patients, according to the text?

Obstruction of the gastrointestinal tract Signup and view all the answers

Which type of cancer is most commonly associated with small intestinal obstruction due to recurrent cancer?

Colorectal cancer Signup and view all the answers

What is a common benign cause of small intestinal obstruction?

Anastomotic strictures after surgery Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic that may indicate a malignant small intestinal obstruction?

Incomplete obstruction Signup and view all the answers

Which may mimic a mechanical obstruction in the colon?

Ogilvie’s syndrome Signup and view all the answers

What should be considered when deciding on the route for nutrition for patients with intestinal obstruction?

Dependent on the site of obstruction and clinical tolerance Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason for reserving long-term parenteral nutrition for patients with malignant obstruction?

To provide nutrition for patients with minimal tumor burden who will receive surgery or chemotherapy soon Signup and view all the answers

Which intervention is recommended for patients with proximal obstructions in locally advanced esophageal cancer?

There is no indication for any interventions in these cases Signup and view all the answers

Which factor should be considered when deciding between surgery or stent placement for gastric outlet obstruction?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

Which statement best describes the management of malignant biliary obstruction?

Palliative treatment is often the only option for patients with advanced disease Signup and view all the answers

What is the acrimonious aspect of obstructions of the small intestine, according to the text?

The difficulty in identifying the origin of the obstruction in many cases Signup and view all the answers

What is the most appropriate treatment for patients with obstruction at the level of the common hepatic duct or higher, poor oncological prognosis, or poor performance status?

Placement of an external percutaneous biliary drainage catheter Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT listed as a possible complication of percutaneous biliary drainage?

Renal failure Signup and view all the answers

What is the aim of decompression in the management of urinary tract obstruction?

To secure renal function Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a benign cause of airway obstruction in cancer patients?

Tumor invasion Signup and view all the answers

What is the preferred method of palliation for extrinsic compression of the airway?

Stent placement Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary indication for surgical drainage of perianal infections in patients with neutropenia?

Development of an abscess and low white blood cell count Signup and view all the answers

What is the reported mortality rate for immune-deficient patients with peritonitis who are treated conservatively?

100% Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a potential cause of intestinal perforation in cancer patients?

Complications from radiation therapy Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential complication associated with the use of anti-angiogenic drugs like bevacizumab or sunitinib in cancer treatment?

Intestinal perforation Signup and view all the answers

In the management of perforation, what is essential in addition to drainage and control of the perforation?

Antimicrobial control and broad-spectrum antibiotics Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended initial management for hemorrhagic events in cancer patients?

Fluid resuscitation and blood product transfusion Signup and view all the answers

What can cause severe intra-abdominal bleeding in cancer patients?

Solid tumor invasion into the organ or mucosa Signup and view all the answers

Which condition is a possible cause of spontaneous bleeding in cancer patients?

Disseminated intravascular coagulation Signup and view all the answers

What risk factor increases the tendency for bleeding from solid tumors?

Peripheral location of the tumor Signup and view all the answers

Which therapy is associated with an increased risk of gastrointestinal bleeding in cancer patients?

Chemotherapy Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about interventional radiologic embolization is true?

It is limited by the presence of bleeding disorders and accessibility of target blood vessels. Signup and view all the answers

What is the potential limitation of radiation therapy mentioned in the text for managing bleeding in cancer patients?

It may be effective in 60-85% of cases, implying a potential limitation in some cases. Signup and view all the answers

Based on the information provided, which of the following is a potential disadvantage of endoscopy for managing bleeding in cancer patients?

It may be difficult to identify the location of the bleeding, and bleeding often recurs when it originates from the tumor site. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about applying local pressure, hemostatic agents, and dressings is true?

They may provide temporary measures for local bleeding from skin lesions, nose, vagina, or rectum. Signup and view all the answers

Based on the information provided, under what circumstances is emergency surgery likely to be required for managing bleeding in cancer patients?

When there is persistent hemodynamic instability despite attempts at resuscitation and failure of other therapies. Signup and view all the answers

What is the main reason why extensive surgical exploration of airway obstruction is seldom performed?

The procedure is too invasive and the prognosis is very poor in case of malignant obstruction Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a typical manifestation of infection in immune-deficient cancer patients?

Severe life-threatening conditions like septic shock Signup and view all the answers

What is the initial management of choice for any infection in immune-deficient cancer patients?

Broad spectrum antimicrobial therapy Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended treatment for neutropenic enterocolitis in cancer patients?

Conservative management with bowel rest, antibiotics, and nutrition support Signup and view all the answers

What is the reason why prophylactic surgery is not a common practice for treating neutropenic enterocolitis?

The procedure is too invasive and has high complication rates Signup and view all the answers