34 Questions
Which animals commonly undergo surgical neutering?
All of the above
What is the purpose of performing ovariectomy?
All of the above
Why is bilateral ovariectomy rarely performed in mares?
It has limited success
Which procedure involves the removal of the ovaries and uterus?
Ovariohysterectomy
Which species is ovariectomy less common in due to the risk of hyperadrenocorticism?
Ferrets
What is the purpose of performing unilateral ovariectomy?
Treatment of ovarian pathology
Which procedure involves the removal of the uterus only?
Hysterectomy
What are the potential benefits of ovariectomy?
All of the above
Which animals are best kept in male/female pairs and commonly undergo surgical neutering to prevent breeding?
Rabbits
Which of the following is a reason for administering reproductive steroids?
To prevent urinary incontinence
What are the advantages of removing the ovaries?
Prevention of ovarian disease
What is a disadvantage of removing the ovaries?
Increased incidence of urinary incontinence
What are the additional advantages of pre-pubertal neuter?
No possibility of mating at first oestrus
What is a disadvantage of pre-pubertal neuter?
Delayed closure of growth plates
Why has there been a move away from pre-pubertal neuter since 2010?
Increased risk of neoplasias
What is an alternative to ovariectomy in bitches?
Hysterectomy
When is the common time to perform a spay in a bitch?
12 weeks after oestrus
What happens when the ovaries are removed before prolactin is 'turned on'?
Fall of progesterone and no increase in prolactin
When is the common time to perform a spay in a queen?
Before the onset of the next proestrus
Which animals are commonly neutered to prevent breeding?
Bitches, queens, rabbits, rodents, guinea pigs
Why is bilateral ovariectomy rarely performed in mares?
Alleged poor behavior
What are the potential risks of ovariectomy?
Some neoplasia and urinary incontinence
What is the purpose of performing unilateral ovariectomy?
For ovarian pathology
What is the purpose of performing a hysterectomy?
Prevention of pregnancy and protection against uterine disease
What is the difference between ovariectomy and ovariectomy?
Ovariectomy involves removal of the ovaries and uterus, while ovariectomy only involves removal of the ovaries
What are the advantages of performing ovariectomy?
Elimination of estrus behavior and inconvenience, prevention of pregnancy, and protection against mammary/ovarian/uterine disease
What are the potential advantages of removing the ovaries in a female animal?
Advantages of removing the ovaries include a reduction in the incidence of mammary neoplasia, prevention of uterine disease including CEH, pyometra, and uterine neoplasia, prevention of ovarian disease including neoplasia, and prevention of pseudopregnancy.
What are the disadvantages of removing the ovaries in a female animal?
Disadvantages of removing the ovaries include an increased incidence of some neoplasia (osteosarcoma, haemoagiosarcoma), increased incidence of urinary incontinence in dogs, changes in coat texture, tendency to gain weight, and changes in behavior.
What are the additional advantages of performing pre-pubertal neuter in a female animal?
Additional advantages of pre-pubertal neuter include no possibility of mating at first oestrus, no possibility of pseudopregnancy, easier and more rapid surgical procedure, reduced anaesthetic time and rapid recovery, and less urinary incontinence.
What are the disadvantages of performing pre-pubertal neuter in a female animal?
Disadvantages of pre-pubertal neuter include a smaller animal with fewer fat reserves (greater potential for anaesthetic overdose), delayed closure of growth plates (increased risk of physeal fractures), underdevelopment of sexual organs leading to persistence of pre-pubertal vaginitis and subsequent underdevelopment of sexual organs, worsened post-spay incontinence, persistence of puppy coat, underdeveloped behavioral characteristics, and a tendency for worse obesity.
What is the current opinion regarding the timing and procedure for spaying female animals?
The current opinion for spaying female animals is to perform ovariectomy (often laparoscopically) in the anoestrus period after the first oestrus for bitches. For queens, there is little information about the impact of early neuter, but some veterinarians perform a hysterectomy, often referred to as an ovary-sparing spay.
When is the common time to perform a spay in a cycling bitch?
The common time to perform a spay in a cycling bitch is after day 70 (commonly left until 3 months) but before the onset of the next proestrus.
What happens if the ovaries are removed before prolactin is 'turned on'?
If the ovaries are removed before prolactin is 'turned on', there is a fall in progesterone but no increase in prolactin, and pseudopregnancy is not induced.
What is the impact of removing the ovaries after day 30 in a cycling bitch?
Removing the ovaries after day 30 in a cycling bitch causes a dramatic decrease in progesterone, stimulates an increase in prolactin, and supports progesterone production, leading to an iatrogenic pseudopregnancy that can persist for months or years and may require drug intervention to resolve.
Test your knowledge on surgical conception in female animals, including common procedures performed in bitches, queens, rabbits, rodents, guinea pigs, and ferrets. Learn about the risks, benefits, and management options, such as using off-license depot GnRH agonist.
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