Questions and Answers
What is an abscess?
Localized collection of pus that may be under the skin or deep in the body, causing tissue destruction.
What does an anesthetic do?
Causes partial or complete loss of sensation.
What is a cannula?
A rigid tube that surrounds a trocar for fluid drainage.
Define caustic.
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What is curettage?
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What is dilation?
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What is a diluent?
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What does 'dissect' mean?
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What is a fornix in the context of anatomy?
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What does impervious mean?
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Define infection.
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What is an obturator?
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What does patency refer to?
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What is a pathogen?
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Define permeable.
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What is a spore?
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What is a stylus used for?
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What does transient mean?
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Define vasoconstriction.
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What should surgical scrub preparations be effective against?
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What is the common suffix shared by local anesthetics?
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What does ethyl chloride spray do?
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What is the role of epinephrine in local anesthetics?
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What is a biopsy?
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What are the basic components of a surgical instrument?
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Classify surgical instruments based on their use:
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What are the types of cutting and dissecting instruments?
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What is the function of retractors?
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What materials are used for sterile drapes?
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What defines absorbable sutures?
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What is the purpose of nonabsorbable sutures?
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What is the process of sterilization for surgical instruments?
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What should be done before loading an autoclave?
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What is the recommended sterilization temperature and time in an autoclave?
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What are sterilization indicators?
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What is the role of chemical sterilization?
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Study Notes
Surgical Supplies and Instruments
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Abscess: Localized pus collection causing tissue destruction, can be subcutaneous or deep within the body.
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Anesthetic: Agent causing partial or complete loss of sensation, critical in surgical procedures.
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Cannula: Rigid tube for fluid escape after insertion, surrounding a trocar; used in various surgical procedures.
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Caustic: Substance capable of burning or corroding living tissue, relevant in surgical contexts.
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Curettage: Surgical procedure involving scraping of a body cavity with instruments like curettes.
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Dilation: Process of widening or opening a body orifice using a dilator.
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Diluent: Liquid substance to dilute and create solutions for injections, used with powdered medications.
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Dissection: Cutting or separating tissue with surgical instruments or scissors, essential for surgical exploration.
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Fornix: Recess in the upper vagina due to cervix protrusion, significant in gynecological surgeries.
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Impervious: Describes materials not allowing penetration; critical for sterile instrument handling.
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Infection: Microorganism invasion causing tissue damage, central concern in surgical procedures.
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Obturator: Metal rod that protects tissues during the insertion of hollow instruments.
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Patency: State of an open body cavity or canal, important for surgical access.
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Pathogen: Disease-causing organisms that pose risks in surgical settings.
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Permeable: Allows penetration; relevant in sterile materials and surgical instrument wrapping.
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Spore: Resistant form of bacteria that is dormant and difficult to disinfect, a concern for infection control.
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Stylus: Metal probe used for clearing or aiding passage through catheters or tubes.
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Transient: Temporary and not permanent, relevant in discussing time-related effects of agents.
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Vasoconstriction: Muscle contraction narrowing blood vessels; impacts anesthetic administration and blood flow during surgery.
Surgical Scrubs and Anesthetics
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Surgical Scrub Preparations: Must combat bacterial spores and transient bacteria, demonstrating persistent skin activity even with organic matter present.
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Anesthetics Types:
- Topical: Includes sprays, gels, and foams, applied directly to skin.
- Local: Injected to subcutaneous tissue, with common examples being Lidocaine and Bupivacaine.
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Ethyl Chloride Spray: Topical anesthetic causing freezing, effective for minor procedures, highly flammable.
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Epinephrine in Anesthetics: Used in highly vascular areas to prolong anesthetic effects by causing localized vasoconstriction.
Biopsy and Surgical Instruments
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Biopsy Protocol: Tissues from surgeries sent for pathology; preserved in 10% formalin with accurate labeling of patient information.
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Surgical Instruments: Classified by function into cutting, grasping, retracting, and probing/dilating instruments. Key components include handle, mechanism, and jaws, which may have serrations.
Suture Types and Usage
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Sutures:
- Absorbable: Dissolved by body enzymes; ideal for inner tissue layers requiring no removal.
- Nonabsorbable: Left in place until healing complete; suitable for skin or easily removable areas.
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Closure Materials: Includes staples, Steri-Strips for skin closure, and tissue adhesives for superficial wounds.
Asepsis and Sterilization
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Asepsis: Condition of being free from infection; critical in surgical settings.
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Medical vs. Surgical Asepsis:
- Medical Asepsis: Reduces microorganisms; creates clean environments.
- Surgical Asepsis: Complete destruction of microorganisms; required during invasive procedures.
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Sterilization Processes: Instruments must be sanitized, disinfected, and sterilized to eliminate all microorganisms.
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Autoclave: Uses moist heat and pressure to sterilize; achieves bactericidal temperatures (250°F) necessary for effective sterilization.
Instrument Handling and Storage
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Care of Instruments: Instruments should not be bundled; contaminated items placed in disinfectant post-surgery.
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Wrapping for Autoclaving: Must be steam permeable and allow for unwrapping without contamination; monitor and replace torn materials.
Quality Control in Sterilization
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Sterilization Indicators: Required to verify sterilization; types include chemical indicators (change color with steam exposure) and biologic indicators (tested weekly).
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Shelf Life of Sterilized Packs: No specific time limits; integrity of storage is key to maintaining sterility.
Chemical Sterilization
- Chemical Sterilization Protocol: Used for heat-sensitive instruments; requires submersion in chemicals for a minimum of eight hours.
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Test your knowledge of crucial surgical terms with these flashcards covering essential vocabulary related to surgical supplies and instruments. This quiz is designed to help medical students and professionals master key concepts in surgery.
